Fungicidal amides

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein
         A is a radical selected from the group consisting of A-1 through A-11,   L is —C(R 12a )R 12b —C(R 13a )R 13b —; or 1,2-phenylene   G is a radical selected from the group consisting of       

     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     and R 1 , R 2 , R 12a , R 12b , R 13a , R 13b  and Q are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling plant disease caused by a fungal pathogen comprising applying an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to certain amides, their N-oxides, salts and compositions, and methods of their use as fungicides.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The control of plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Plant disease damage to ornamental, vegetable, field, cereal, and fruit crops can cause significant reduction in productivity and thereby result in increased costs to the consumer. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but the need continues for new compounds which are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer or have different sites of action.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention is directed to compounds of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers), N-oxides, and salts thereof, agricultural compositions containing them and their use as fungicides:

wherein

A is a radical selected from the group consisting of

-   -   Z is O or S;     -   R¹ is H, cyclopropyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy;     -   L is —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—, wherein the carbon         atom bonded to R^(12a) and R^(12b) is also bonded to the         carboxamide nitrogen atom in Formula 1; or 1,2-phenylene         optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently         selected from halogen and C₁-C₂ alkyl;     -   G is a radical selected from the group consisting of

-   -   each R² is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C₅ alkyl,         C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy or C₃-C₅         cycloalkyl;     -   B¹ is CH or N;     -   B² is CH or N;     -   B³ is CH or N;     -   provided when B¹ and B² are both N, then B³ is CH;     -   R³ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R⁴ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R⁵ is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R⁶ is C₁-C₂ alkyl;     -   R⁷ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R⁸ is H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl;     -   R^(9a) is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₁-C₃         alkylthio;     -   R^(9b) is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R¹⁰ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R¹¹ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R²⁰ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R²¹ is H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl;     -   R²² is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₁-C₃         alkylthio;     -   R²³ is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R²⁴ is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   R²⁵ is H, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl;     -   m is 0, 1 or 2;     -   n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;     -   R^(12a) and R^(12b) are each independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or         C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; or     -   R^(12a) and R^(12b) are taken together as C₂-C₅ alkanediyl;     -   R^(13a) is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₂         alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ alkoxyamino;     -   R^(13b) is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; or     -   R^(13a) and R^(13b) are taken together as C₂-C₅ alkanediyl;     -   Q is a 5-membered unsaturated or partially unsaturated         heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from carbon         atoms and up to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to         1 O, up to 1 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon atom         ring members are independently selected from C(═O), the         heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one substituent on         a ring member distal relative to the ring member connecting the         heteroaromatic ring to the remainder of Formula 1, said optional         substituent selected from R^(14c) on carbon atom ring members         and from R^(14n) on nitrogen atom ring members, the heterocyclic         ring further optionally substituted with substituents selected         from R^(15c) on carbon atom ring members and R^(15n) on nitrogen         atom ring members;     -   each R^(14c) is independently halogen, cyano, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃         haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₃ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl         or C₂-C₃ alkylcarbonyl; or a phenyl ring optionally substituted         with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R¹⁶; or a         heteroaromatic ring optionally substituted with up to 4         substituents independently selected from R^(17c) on carbon atom         ring members and from R^(17n) on nitrogen atom ring members; or     -   two R^(14c) bonded to adjacent carbon atoms are taken together         with carbon atom ring members to form a 5- or 6-membered         carbocyclic or partially aromatic ring, the ring optionally         substituted with halogen or C₁-C₄ alkyl;     -   each R^(14n) is independently C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or         C₁-C₃ alkoxy; or a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to         5 substituents independently selected from R¹⁸; or a         heteroaromatic ring optionally substituted with up to 4         substituents independently selected from R^(19c) on carbon atom         ring members and from R^(19n) on nitrogen atom ring members;     -   each R^(15c) is independently halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃         haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy;     -   each R^(15n) is independently C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or         C₁-C₃ alkoxy;     -   each R¹⁶, R^(17c), R¹⁸ and R^(19c) is independently halogen,         cyano, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂         haloalkoxy; and     -   each R^(17n) and R^(19n) is independently C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂         haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

More particularly, this invention pertains to a compound of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers), an N-oxide or a salt thereof.

This invention also relates to a fungicidal composition comprising (a) a compound of the invention (i.e. in a fungicidally effective amount); and (b) at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents.

This invention also relates to a fungicidal composition comprising (a) a compound of the invention; and (b) at least one other fungicide (e.g., at least one other fungicide having a different site of action).

This invention further relates to a method for controlling plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens comprising applying to the plant or portion thereof, or to the plant seed, a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of the invention (e.g., as a composition described herein).

DETAILS OF THE INVENTION

As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having,” “contains”, “containing,” “characterized by” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, subject to any limitation explicitly indicated. For example, a composition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, mixture, process, method, article, or apparatus.

The transitional phrase “consisting of” excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified. If in the claim, such would close the claim to the inclusion of materials other than those recited except for impurities ordinarily associated therewith. When the phrase “consisting of” appears in a clause of the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the element set forth in that clause; other elements are not excluded from the claim as a whole.

The transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” is used to define a composition, method or apparatus that includes materials, steps, features, components, or elements, in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that these additional materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention. The term “consisting essentially of” occupies a middle ground between “comprising” and “consisting of”.

Where applicants have defined an invention or a portion thereof with an open-ended term such as “comprising,” it should be readily understood that (unless otherwise stated) the description should be interpreted to also describe such an invention using the terms “consisting essentially of” or “consisting of.”

Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

Also, the indefinite articles “a” and “an” preceding an element or component of the invention are intended to be nonrestrictive regarding the number of instances (i.e. occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore “a” or “an” should be read to include one or at least one, and the singular word form of the element or component also includes the plural unless the number is obviously meant to be singular.

As referred to in the present disclosure and claims, “plant” includes members of Kingdom Plantae, particularly seed plants (Spermatopsida), at all life stages, including young plants (e.g., germinating seeds developing into seedlings) and mature, reproductive stages (e.g., plants producing flowers and seeds). Portions of plants include geotropic members typically growing beneath the surface of the growing medium (e.g., soil), such as roots, tubers, bulbs and corms, and also members growing above the growing medium, such as foliage (including stems and leaves), flowers, fruits and seeds. As referred to herein, the term “seedling”, used either alone or in a combination of words means a young plant developing from the embryo of a seed.

As referred to in this disclosure, the terms “fungal pathogen” and “fungal plant pathogen” include pathogens in the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota phyla, and the fungal-like Oomycota class that are the causal agents of a broad spectrum of plant diseases of economic importance, affecting ornamental, turf, vegetable, field, cereal and fruit crops. In the context of this disclosure, “protecting a plant from disease” or “control of a plant disease” includes preventative action (interruption of the fungal cycle of infection, colonization, symptom development and spore production) and/or curative action (inhibition of colonization of plant host tissues).

As referred to in this disclosure, the term mode of action (MOA) is as defined broadly by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC), and is used to distinguish fungicide groups according to their biochemical mode of action in the biosynthetic pathways of plant pathogens. These FRAC-defined MOAs are (A) nucleic acid synthesis, (B) mitosis and cell division, (C) respiration, (D) amino acid and protein synthesis, (E) signal transduction, (F) lipid synthesis and membrane integrity, (G) sterol biosynthesis in membranes, (H) cell wall biosynthesis in membranes, (I) melanin synthesis in cell wall, (P) host plant defense induction, multi-site contact activity and unknown mode of action. Each MOA class consists of one or more groups based either on individual validated target sites of action, or in cases where the precise target site is unknown, based on cross resistance profiles within a group or in relation to other groups. Each of these groupings within a FRAC-defined MOA, whether the target site is known or unknown, is designated by a FRAC code. Additional information on target sites and FRAC codes can be obtained from publicly available databases maintained, for example, by FRAC.

As referred to in this disclosure, the term “cross resistance” refers to a phenomenon wherein a pathogen evolves resistance to one fungicide and in addition acquires resistance to others. These additional fungicides are typically, but not always, in the same chemical class or have the same target site of action, or can be detoxified by the same mechanism.

In the above recitations, the term “alkyl”, used either alone or in compound words such as “alkylthio” or “haloalkyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, or the different butyl, pentyl or hexyl isomers. “Alkenyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkenes such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, and the different butenyl, pentenyl and hexenyl isomers. “Alkenyl” also includes polyenes such as 1,2-propadienyl and 2,4-hexadienyl. “Alkynyl” includes straight-chain or branched alkynes such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and the different butynyl, pentynyl and hexynyl isomers. “Alkynyl” also includes moieties comprised of multiple triple bonds such as 2,5-hexadiynyl. “Alkanediyl”, also known as “alkylene”, denotes a straight-chain or branched alkane divalent radicals. Examples of “alkylene” or “alkanediyl” include CH₂, CH₂CH₂, CH(CH₃), CH₂CH₂CH₂, CH₂CH(CH₃), and the different butylene isomers. The alkanediyl, in the context of R^(12a) and R^(12b) taken together, is bonded through the same carbon atom to the remainder of the molecule. Likewise, in the context of R^(13a) and R^(13b) taken together, the alkanediyl is bonded through the same carbon atom to the remainder of the molecule. “Alkenylene” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkenediyl containing one olefinic bond. Examples of “alkenylene” include CH═CH, CH₂CH═CH, CH═C(CH₃) and the different butenylene isomers. “Alkynylene” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkynediyl containing one triple bond. Examples of “alkynylene” include —C≡C—, —CH₂C≡C—, —C≡CCH₂—, and the different butynylene isomers.

“Alkoxy” includes, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy and the different butoxy, pentoxy and hexyloxy isomers. “Alkoxyalkyl” denotes alkoxy substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkoxyalkyl” include CH₃OCH₂, CH₃OCH₂CH₂, CH₃CH₂OCH₂, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OCH₂ and CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂. “Alkoxyalkoxy” denotes alkoxy substitution on alkoxy. “Alkenyloxy” includes straight-chain or branched alkenyloxy moieties. Examples of “alkenyloxy” include H₂C═CHCH₂O, (CH₃)₂C═CHCH₂O, (CH₃)CH═CHCH₂O, (CH₃)CH═C(CH₃)CH₂O and CH₂═CHCH₂CH₂O. “Alkynyloxy” includes straight-chain or branched alkynyloxy moieties. Examples of “alkynyloxy” include HC≡CCH₂O, CH₃C≡CCH₂O and CH₃C≡CCH₂CH₂O. “Alkylthio” includes branched or straight-chain alkylthio moieties such as methylthio, ethylthio, and the different propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio and hexylthio isomers. “Alkylsulfinyl” includes both enantiomers of an alkylsulfinyl group. Examples of “alkylsulfinyl” include CH₃S(O)—, CH₃CH₂S(O)—, CH₃CH₂CH₂S(O)—, (CH₃)₂CHS(O)— and the different butylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl and hexylsulfinyl isomers. Examples of “alkylsulfonyl” include CH₃S(O)₂—, CH₃CH₂S(O)₂—, CH₃CH₂CH₂S(O)₂—, (CH₃)₂CHS(O)₂—, and the different butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl and hexylsulfonyl isomers. “Alkylthioalkyl” denotes alkylthio substitution on alkyl. Examples of “alkylthioalkyl” include CH₃SCH₂, CH₃SCH₂CH₂, CH₃CH₂SCH₂, CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂SCH₂ and CH₃CH₂SCH₂CH₂. “Alkylthioalkoxy” denotes alkylthio substitution on alkoxy. “Alkyldithio” denotes branched or straight-chain alkyldithio moieties. Examples of “alkyldithio” include CH₃SS—, CH₃CH₂SS—, CH₃CH₂CH₂SS—, (CH₃)₂CHSS— and the different butyldithio and pentyldithio isomers. “Alkylamino”, “dialkylamino”, “alkenylthio”, “alkenylsulfinyl”, “alkenylsulfonyl”, “alkynylthio”, “alkynylsulfinyl”, “alkynylsulfonyl”, and the like, are defined analogously to the above examples.

“Cycloalkyl” includes, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The term “alkylcycloalkyl” denotes alkyl substitution on a cycloalkyl moiety and includes, for example, ethylcyclopropyl, i-propylcyclobutyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl and 4-methylcyclohexyl. The term “cycloalkylalkyl” denotes cycloalkyl substitution on an alkyl moiety. Examples of “cycloalkylalkyl” include cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylethyl, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups. The term “cycloalkoxy” denotes cycloalkyl linked through an oxygen atom such as cyclopentyloxy and cyclohexyloxy. “Cycloalkylalkoxy” denotes cycloalkylalkyl linked through an oxygen atom attached to the alkyl chain. Examples of “cycloalkylalkoxy” include cyclopropylmethoxy, cyclopentylethoxy, and other cycloalkyl moieties bonded to straight-chain or branched alkoxy groups.

The term “halogen”, either alone or in compound words such as “haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as “alkyl substituted with halogen” includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Further, when used in compound words such as “haloalkyl”, or when used in descriptions such as “alkyl substituted with halogen”, said alkyl may be partially or fully substituted with halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Examples of “haloalkyl” or “alkyl substituted with halogen” include F₃C—, ClCH₂—, CF₃CH₂— and CF₃CCl₂—. The terms “halocycloalkyl”, “haloalkoxy”, “haloalkylthio”, “haloalkenyl”, “haloalkynyl”, and the like, are defined analogously to the term “haloalkyl”. Examples of “haloalkoxy” include CF₃O—, CCl₃CH₂O—, HCF₂CH₂CH₂O— and CF₃CH₂O—. Examples of “haloalkylthio” include CCl₃S—, CF₃S—, CCl₃CH₂S— and ClCH₂CH₂CH₂S—. Examples of “haloalkylsulfinyl” include CF₃S(O)—, CCl₃S(O)—, CF₃CH₂S(O)— and CF₃CF₂S(O)—. Examples of “haloalkylsulfonyl” include CF₃S(O)₂—, CCl₃S(O)₂—, CF₃CH₂S(O)₂— and CF₃CF₂S(O)₂—. Examples of “haloalkenyl” include (Cl)₂C═CHCH₂— and CF₃CH₂CH═CHCH₂—. Examples of “haloalkynyl” include HC≡CCHCl—, CF₃C≡C—, CCl₃C≡C— and FCH₂C≡CCH₂—. Examples of “haloalkoxyalkoxy” include CF₃OCH₂O—, ClCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂O—, Cl₃CCH₂OCH₂O— as well as branched alkyl derivatives.

“Alkylcarbonyl” denotes a straight-chain or branched alkyl moieties bonded to a C(═O) moiety. Examples of “alkylcarbonyl” include CH₃C(═O)—, CH₃CH₂CH₂C(═O)— and (CH₃)₂CHC(═O)—. Examples of “alkoxycarbonyl” include CH₃OC(═O)—, CH₃CH₂OC(═O)—, CH₃CH₂CH₂OC(═O)—, (CH₃)₂CHOC(═O)— and the different butoxy- or pentoxycarbonyl isomers.

The total number of carbon atoms in a substituent group is indicated by the “C_(i)-C_(j)” prefix where i and j are numbers from 1 to 5. For example, C₁-C₃ alkoxy designates CH₃O—, CH₃CH₂O—, CH₃CH₂CH₂O— and (CH₃)₂CHO—; C₁-C₄ alkylsulfonyl designates methylsulfonyl through butylsulfonyl; C₂ alkoxyalkyl designates CH₃OCH₂—; C₃ alkoxyalkyl designates, for example, CH₃CH(OCH₃)—, CH₃OCH₂CH₂— or CH₃CH₂OCH₂—; and C₄ alkoxyalkyl designates the various isomers of an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group containing a total of four carbon atoms, examples including CH₃CH₂CH₂OCH₂— and CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂—.

When a compound is substituted with a substituent bearing a subscript that indicates the number of said substituents can exceed 1, said substituents (when they exceed 1) are independently selected from the group of defined substituents, e.g., (R²)_(n), n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. When a group contains a substituent which can be hydrogen, for example R⁵, then when this substituent is taken as hydrogen, it is recognized that this is equivalent to said group being unsubstituted. When a variable group is shown to be optionally attached to a position, for example (R²)_(n), wherein n may be 0, then hydrogen may be at the position even if not recited in the variable group definition. When one or more positions on a group are said to be “not substituted” or “unsubstituted”, then hydrogen atoms are attached to take up any free valency.

Unless otherwise indicated, a “ring” or “ring system” as a component of Formula 1 (e.g., Q group) is carbocyclic or heterocyclic. The terms “carbocyclic ring”, “carbocycle” or “carbocyclic ring system” denote a ring or ring system wherein the atoms forming the ring backbone are selected only from carbon. The terms “heterocyclic ring”, “heterocycle” or “heterocyclic ring system” denote a ring or ring system in which at least one atom forming the ring backbone is not carbon, e.g., nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Typically a heterocyclic ring contains no more than 4 nitrogens, no more than 2 oxygens and no more than 2 sulfurs. Unless otherwise indicated, a carbocyclic ring or heterocyclic ring can be a saturated or unsaturated ring. “Saturated” refers to a ring having a backbone consisting of atoms linked to one another by single bonds; unless otherwise specified, the remaining carbon valences are occupied by hydrogen atoms. Unless otherwise stated, an “unsaturated ring” may be partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated. The expression “fully unsaturated ring” means a ring of atoms in which the bonds between atoms in the ring are single or double bonds according to valence bond theory and furthermore the bonds between atoms in the ring include as many double bonds as possible without double bonds being cumulative (i.e. no C═C═C or C═C═N). The term “partially unsaturated ring” denotes a ring comprising at least one ring member bonded to an adjacent ring member through a double bond and which conceptually potentially accommodates a number of non-cumulated double bonds between adjacent ring members (i.e. in its fully unsaturated counterpart form) greater than the number of double bonds present (i.e. in its partially unsaturated form).

Unless otherwise indicated, heterocyclic rings and ring systems can be attached through any available carbon or nitrogen by replacement of a hydrogen atom on said carbon or nitrogen.

“Aromatic” indicates that each of the ring atoms is essentially in the same plane and has a p-orbital perpendicular to the ring plane, and that (4n+2) π electrons, where n is a positive integer, are associated with the ring to comply with Hückel's rule. The term “aromatic ring system” denotes a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system in which at least one ring of the ring system is aromatic. When a fully unsaturated carbocyclic ring satisfies Hückel's rule, then said ring is also called an “aromatic ring” or “aromatic carbocyclic ring”.

The term “aromatic carbocyclic ring system” denotes a carbocyclic ring system in which at least one ring of the ring system is aromatic. When a fully unsaturated heterocyclic ring satisfies Hückel's rule, then said ring is also called a “heteroaromatic ring” or “aromatic heterocyclic ring”. The term “aromatic heterocyclic ring system” denotes a heterocyclic ring system in which at least one ring of the ring system is aromatic. The term “nonaromatic ring system” denotes a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system that may be fully saturated, as well as partially or fully unsaturated, provided that none of the rings in the ring system are aromatic. The term “nonaromatic carbocyclic ring system” denotes a carbocyclic ring in which no ring in the ring system is aromatic. The term “nonaromatic heterocyclic ring system” denotes a heterocyclic ring system in which no ring in the ring system is aromatic.

The term “optionally substituted” in connection with the heterocyclic rings refers to groups which are unsubstituted or have at least one non-hydrogen substituent that does not extinguish the biological activity possessed by the unsubstituted analog. As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated. The term “optionally substituted” is used interchangeably with the phrase “substituted or unsubstituted” or with the term “(un)substituted.” Unless otherwise indicated, an optionally substituted group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and each substitution is independent of the other. When a compound is substituted with a substituent bearing a subscript that indicates the number of said substituents can exceed 1, said substituents (when they exceed 1) are independently selected from the group of defined substituents, e.g., (R²)_(n) n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. When a group contains a substituent which can be hydrogen, for example, R¹, then when this substituent is taken as hydrogen, it is recognized that this is equivalent to said group being unsubstituted. When a variable group is shown to be optionally attached to a position, for example (R²)_(n), wherein n may be 0, then hydrogen may be at the position even if not recited in the variable group definition. When one or more positions on a group are said to be “not substituted” or “unsubstituted”, then hydrogen atoms are attached to take up any free valency.

As referred to by the present disclosure and claims, an “unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring” is a heterocyclic ring wherein at least two ring member atoms are linked together by a double bond. Unless otherwise stated, an “unsaturated or partially heterocyclic ring” (e.g., substituent Q) may be partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated. The expression “fully unsaturated heterocyclic ring” means a heterocyclic ring of atoms in which the bonds between carbon and/or nitrogen atoms in the ring are single or double bonds according to valence bond theory and furthermore the bonds between carbon and/or nitrogen atoms in the ring include as many double bonds as possible without double bonds being cumulative (i.e. no C═C═C, N═C═C, etc.). The term “partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring” denotes a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one ring member bonded to an adjacent ring member through a double bond and which conceptually potentially accommodates a number of non-cumulated double bonds between adjacent ring members (i.e. in its fully unsaturated counterpart form) greater than the number of double bonds present (i.e. in its partially unsaturated form). When a fully unsaturated heterocyclic ring satisfies Hückel's rule, then said ring is also called a “heteroaromatic ring” or “aromatic heterocyclic ring”.

As shown in the Summary of the Invention, G is a radical selected from the group consisting of G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4 and G-5. As depicted in the Summary of the Invention, the bond of the G ring projecting to the left is attached to the remainder of Formula 1 through L. The bond projecting to the lower right side of the G ring represents the attachment point of the Q ring. Note the Q ring resides in a fixed position on the G ring and does not “float” in relation to the attachment point of the G ring to L. Note, however, that the (R²)_(n) variable as depicted on the G ring in the Summary of the Invention may “float” around the G ring and may therefore be bonded to any available carbon atoms on the each respective G ring.

In the Summary of the Invention the “unsaturated or partially unsaturated” heterocyclic ring of Q is specified to be 5-membered, with ring members selected from carbon atoms and up to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 1 O, up to 1 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon atoms are independently selected from C(═O). The heterocyclic ring is optionally substituted with one substituent selected from R^(14c) or R^(14n) on one ring member distal relative to the ring member connecting the heteroaromatic ring to the remainder of Formula 1. As depicted in Exhibit 1, in the five-membered heterocyclic ring of Q, a ring member distal relative to the ring member connecting the ring to the remainder of Formula 1 is linked through two ring bonds to the connecting ring member. The heterocyclic ring of Q is further optionally substituted with substituents selected from R^(15c) on carbon atom ring members and R^(15n) on nitrogen atom ring members.

Certain heterocycles forming Q may have two distal ring members available for substitution. In this situation, only one of the distal ring members may be substituted with R^(14c) or R^(14n); the other distal ring member may be substituted with R^(15c) or R^(15n). If neither of the distal ring members of a heterocycle forming Q are available for substitution, then any additional substituents on the heterocycle are selected from R^(15c) or R^(15n) If a distal ring member can have two substituents, one substituent may be selected from R^(14c) or R^(14n) and the other substituent may be selected from R^(15c) or R^(15n). In other words, the Q ring is limited to one R^(14c) or R^(14n) substituent and this substituent must be bonded to a distal ring member; the Q ring can otherwise be further substituted with R^(15c) or R^(15n) on any available ring member.

If an attachment point on a group (e.g., ring) is depicted as floating (e.g., as illustrated by the 5-membered unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic rings Q-1 through Q-21 in Exhibit 4) the group can be attached to the remainder of Formula 1 through any available carbon or nitrogen of the group by replacement of a hydrogen atom. If the attachment point of a substituent on a group (e.g., ring) is depicted as floating (e.g., as illustrated for R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ on the 5-membered unsaturated heterocyclic rings Q-1 through Q-21 in Exhibit 4), the substituent can be attached to any available carbon or nitrogen atom by replacing a hydrogen atom.

A wide variety of synthetic methods are known in the art to enable preparation of aromatic and nonaromatic heterocyclic rings and ring systems; for extensive reviews see the eight volume set of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, A. R. Katritzky and C. W. Rees editors-in-chief, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984 and the twelve volume set of Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II, A. R. Katritzky, C. W. Rees and E. F. V. Scriven editors-in-chief, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1996.

As specified in the Summary of the Invention and elsewhere in the present disclosure, linking group L in Formula 1 can be —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—, wherein the carbon atom bonded to R^(12a) and R^(12b) is also bonded to the carboxamide nitrogen atom in Formula 1. In this context, the carboxamide is an ordinary carboxamide when Z is O or a thiocarboxamide when Z is S.

Also as specified in the Summary of the Invention and elsewhere in the present disclosure, linking group L in Formula 1 can be 1,2-phenylene optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from halogen and C₁-C₂ alkyl. As shown in Exhibit 2, “1,2-phenylene” is understood to refer to a benzene ring that is connected to the remainder of the molecule (e.g., Formula 1) at ortho positions (hence “1,2-”) and optionally substituted with halogen and C₁-C₂ alkyl at the four remaining positions on the ring.

wherein each R⁵¹ is independently halogen or C₁-C₂ alkyl, and p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. Linking group L being optionally substituted 1,2-phenylene is further illustrated by the molecular structure depictions associated with Tables 1-1221 and Index Table A.

Compounds of this invention can exist as one or more stereoisomers. The various stereoisomers include enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers and geometric isomers. One skilled in the art will appreciate that one stereoisomer may be more active and/or may exhibit beneficial effects when enriched relative to the other stereoisomer(s) or when separated from the other stereoisomer(s). Additionally, the skilled artisan knows how to separate, enrich, and/or to selectively prepare said stereoisomers. The compounds of the invention may be present as a mixture of stereoisomers, individual stereoisomers or as an optically active form. For example, when R^(12b) and R^(13b) are both H, and R^(12a) and R^(13a) are other than H, then Formula 1 possesses chiral centers at the carbon atoms to which R^(12b) and R^(13b) are bonded, allowing for two racemic diastereomers, designated as anti and syn. Each racemic diastereomer is comprised of a pair of enantiomers, i.e. the anti diastereomer is comprised of enantiomers 1′ and 1″, and the syn diastereomer is comprised of enantiomers 2′ and 2″ as shown below in Exhibit 2, with the chiral centers identified with an asterisk (*).

Molecular depictions drawn herein follow standard conventions for depicting stereochemistry. To indicate stereoconfiguration, bonds rising from the plane of the drawing and towards the viewer are denoted by solid wedges wherein the broad end of the wedge is attached to the atom rising from the plane of the drawing towards the viewer. Bonds going below the plane of the drawing and away from the viewer are denoted by dashed wedges wherein the narrow end of the wedge is attached to the atom further away from the viewer. Constant width lines indicate bonds with a direction opposite or neutral relative to bonds shown with solid or dashed wedges; constant width lines also depict bonds in molecules or parts of molecules in which no particular stereoconfiguration is intended to be specified.

This invention comprises racemic mixtures, for example, equal amounts of the enantiomers of Formulae 1′ and 1″. In addition, this invention includes compounds that are enriched compared to the racemic mixture in an enantiomer of Formula 1. Also included are the essentially pure enantiomers of compounds of Formula 1, for example, Formula 1′ or Formula 1″.

When enantiomerically enriched, one enantiomer is present in greater amounts than the other, and the extent of enrichment can be defined by an expression of enantiomeric excess (“ee”), which is defined as (2x−1)·100%, where x is the mole fraction of the dominant enantiomer in the mixture (e.g., an ee of 20% corresponds to a 60:40 ratio of enantiomers).

Preferably the compositions of this invention have at least a 50% enantiomeric excess; more preferably at least a 75% enantiomeric excess; still more preferably at least a 90% enantiomeric excess; and the most preferably at least a 94% enantiomeric excess of the more active isomer. Of particular note are enantiomerically pure embodiments of the more active isomer.

Compounds of Formula 1 can comprise additional chiral centers. For example, substituents and other molecular constituents such as R² may themselves contain chiral centers. This invention comprises racemic mixtures as well as enriched and essentially pure stereoconfigurations at these additional chiral centers.

Compounds of this invention can exist as one or more conformational isomers due to restricted rotation about the amide bond (e.g., C(O)—N) in Formula 1. This invention comprises mixtures of conformational isomers. In addition, this invention includes compounds that are enriched in one conformer relative to others.

This invention comprises all stereoisomers, conformational isomers and mixtures thereof in all proportions as well as isotopic forms such as deuterated compounds.

One skilled in the art will appreciate that not all nitrogen containing heterocycles can form N-oxides since the nitrogen requires an available lone pair for oxidation to the oxide; one skilled in the art will recognize those nitrogen-containing heterocycles which can form N-oxides. One skilled in the art will also recognize that tertiary amines can form N-oxides. Synthetic methods for the preparation of N-oxides of heterocycles and tertiary amines are very well known by one skilled in the art including the oxidation of heterocycles and tertiary amines with peroxy acids such as peracetic and m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA), hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, sodium perborate, and dioxiranes such as dimethyldioxirane. These methods for the preparation of N-oxides have been extensively described and reviewed in the literature, see for example: T. L. Gilchrist in Comprehensive Organic Synthesis, vol. 7, pp 748-750, S. V. Ley, Ed., Pergamon Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 3, pp 18-20, A. J. Boulton and A. McKillop, Eds., Pergamon Press; M. R. Grimmett and B. R. T. Keene in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 43, pp 149-161, A. R. Katritzky, Ed., Academic Press; M. Tisler and B. Stanovnik in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 9, pp 285-291, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press; and G. W. H. Cheeseman and E. S. G. Werstiuk in Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 22, pp 390-392, A. R. Katritzky and A. J. Boulton, Eds., Academic Press.

One skilled in the art recognizes that because in the environment and under physiological conditions salts of chemical compounds are in equilibrium with their corresponding nonsalt forms, salts share the biological utility of the nonsalt forms. Thus a wide variety of salts of the compounds of Formula 1 are useful for control of plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens (i.e. are agriculturally suitable). The salts of the compounds of Formula 1 include acid-addition salts with inorganic or organic acids such as hydrobromic, hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, acetic, butyric, fumaric, lactic, maleic, malonic, oxalic, propionic, salicylic, tartaric, 4-toluenesulfonic or valeric acids. When a compound of Formula 1 contains an acidic moiety such as a carboxylic acid or phenol, salts also include those formed with organic or inorganic bases such as pyridine, triethylamine or ammonia, or amides, hydrides, hydroxides or carbonates of sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium or barium. Accordingly, the present invention comprises compounds selected from Formula 1, N-oxides and agriculturally suitable salts thereof.

Compounds selected from Formula 1, stereoisomers, tautomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, typically exist in more than one form, and Formula 1 thus includes all crystalline and non-crystalline forms of the compounds that Formula 1 represents. Non-crystalline forms include embodiments which are solids such as waxes and gums as well as embodiments which are liquids such as solutions and melts. Crystalline forms include embodiments which represent essentially a single crystal type and embodiments which represent a mixture of polymorphs (i.e. different crystalline types). The term “polymorph” refers to a particular crystalline form of a chemical compound that can crystallize in different crystalline forms, these forms having different arrangements and/or conformations of the molecules in the crystal lattice. Although polymorphs can have the same chemical composition, they can also differ in composition due to the presence or absence of co-crystallized water or other molecules, which can be weakly or strongly bound in the lattice. Polymorphs can differ in such chemical, physical and biological properties as crystal shape, density, hardness, color, chemical stability, melting point, hygroscopicity, suspensibility, dissolution rate and biological availability. One skilled in the art will appreciate that a polymorph of a compound represented by Formula 1 can exhibit beneficial effects (e.g., suitability for preparation of useful formulations, improved biological performance) relative to another polymorph or a mixture of polymorphs of the same compound represented by Formula 1. Preparation and isolation of a particular polymorph of a compound represented by Formula 1 can be achieved by methods known to those skilled in the art including, for example, crystallization using selected solvents and temperatures. For a comprehensive discussion of polymorphism see R. Hilfiker, Ed., Polymorphism in the Pharmaceutical Industry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2006.

Embodiments of the present invention as described in the Summary of the Invention include (where Formula 1 as used in the following Embodiments includes N-oxides and salts thereof):

Embodiment 1

A compound of Formula 1 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of A-1, A-2, A-4 and A-8.

Embodiment 2

A compound of Formula 1 or Embodiment 1 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of A-1, A-2 and A-8.

Embodiment 2a

A compound of Formula 1 or Embodiment 1 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of A-1, A-2 and A-4.

Embodiment 3

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 2a wherein A is selected from the group consisting of A-1 and A-2.

Embodiment 3a

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3 wherein A is A-1.

Embodiment 4

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3 wherein A is A-2.

Embodiment 5

A compound of Formula 1 wherein A is A-3.

Embodiment 6

A compound of Formula 1 or Embodiment 1 or 2a wherein A is A-4.

Embodiment 7

A compound of Formula 1 wherein A is A-5.

Embodiment 8

A compound of Formula 1 wherein A is A-6.

Embodiment 8a

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 2 wherein A is A-8.

Embodiment 8b

A compound of Formula 1 wherein A is A-7.

Embodiment 8c

A compound of Formula 1 wherein A is A-9.

Embodiment 8d

A compound of Formula 1 wherein A is A-10.

Embodiment 8e

A compound of Formula 1 wherein A is A-11.

Embodiment 9

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 8e wherein Z is O.

Embodiment 10

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 9 wherein G is selected from the group consisting of G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-4.

Embodiment 11

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 9 wherein G is selected from the group consisting of G-2, G-4 and G-5.

Embodiment 12

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 10 wherein G is selected from the group consisting of G-1 and G-4.

Embodiment 13

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 10 wherein G is selected from the group consisting of G-1, G-2 and G-3.

Embodiment 14

A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 10 or 12 through 13 wherein G is G-1.

Embodiment 15

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3a or 9 through 14 wherein B¹ is CH.

Embodiment 16

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3a or 9 through 14 wherein B¹ is N.

Embodiment 17

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3a or 9 through 16 wherein B² is CH.

Embodiment 18

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3a or 9 through 16 wherein B² is N.

Embodiment 18a

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3a or 9 through 18 wherein B³ is N, provided at least one of B¹ and B² is CH;

Embodiment 18b

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3a or 9 through 18 wherein B³ is CH;

Embodiment 19

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3a or 9 through 18b wherein R³ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 20

A compound of Embodiment 19 wherein R³ is halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 20a

A compound of Embodiment 20 wherein R³ is halogen.

Embodiment 21

A compound of Embodiment 20 wherein R³ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 21a

A compound of Embodiment 20 wherein R³ is F, Cl, or Br.

Embodiment 22

A compound of Embodiment 21 wherein R³ is CF₃.

Embodiment 23

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3, 4 or 9 through 14 wherein R⁴ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 24

A compound of Embodiment 23 wherein R⁴ is halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 25

A compound of Embodiment 24 wherein R⁴ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 26

A compound of Embodiment 25 wherein R⁴ is CHF₂.

Embodiment 27

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3, 4, 9 through 14 or 23 through 26 wherein R⁵ is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 28

A compound of Embodiment 27 wherein R⁵ is H, halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 29

A compound of Embodiment 28 wherein R⁵ is H, F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 30

A compound of Embodiment 29 wherein R⁵ is H.

Embodiment 31

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 3, 4, 9 through 14 or 23 through 30 wherein R⁶ is CH₃.

Embodiment 32

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 5 or 9 through 14 wherein R⁷ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 33

A compound of Embodiment 32 wherein R⁷ is halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 34

A compound of Embodiment 33 wherein R⁷ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 35

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 5, 9 through 14 or 32 through 34 wherein R⁸ is H or CH₃.

Embodiment 36

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1, 6 or 9 through 14 wherein R^(9a) is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkylthio.

Embodiment 36a

A compound of Embodiment 36 wherein R^(9a) is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 37

A compound of Embodiment 36a wherein R^(9a) is halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 38

A compound of Embodiment 37 wherein R^(9a) is F, Cl, Br, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 38a

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1, 2a, 6, 9 through 14 or 36 through 38 wherein R^(9b) is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 38b

A compound of Embodiment 38a wherein R^(9b) is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment 38c

A compound of Embodiment 38b wherein R^(9b) is H or methyl.

Embodiment 38d

A compound of Embodiment 38b wherein R^(9b) is H.

Embodiment 39

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 7 or 9 through 14 wherein R¹⁰ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 40

A compound of Embodiment 39 wherein R¹⁰ is halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 41

A compound of Embodiment 40 wherein R¹⁰ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 42

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 8 or 9 through 14 wherein R¹¹ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 43

A compound of Embodiment 42 wherein R¹¹ is halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 44

A compound of Embodiment 43 wherein R¹¹ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 44a

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1, 2, 8a or 9 through 14 wherein R²⁰ is Cl, CH₃ or CF₃.

Embodiment 44b

A compound of Embodiment 44a wherein R²⁰ is CH₃ or CF₃.

Embodiment 44c

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1, 2, 8a, 9 through 14, 44a or 44b wherein R²¹ is H or CH₃.

Embodiment 44d

A compound of Embodiment 44c wherein R²¹ is H.

Embodiment 44e

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 8b or 9 through 14 wherein R²² is F, Cl, CH₃ or CF₃.

Embodiment 44f

A compound of Embodiment 44e wherein R²² is F, Cl or CF₃.

Embodiment 44g

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 8c or 9 through 14 wherein R²³ is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 44h

A compound of Embodiment 44g wherein R²³ is halogen.

Embodiment 44i

A compound of Embodiment 44h wherein R²³ is Br.

Embodiment 44j

A compound of Embodiment 44g wherein R²³ is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment 44k

A compound of Embodiment 44g wherein R²³ is methyl.

Embodiment 44l

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 8d or 9 through 14 wherein R²⁴ is H or C₁-C₂ alkyl,

Embodiment 44m

A compound of Embodiment 44l wherein R²⁴ is H.

Embodiment 44n

A compound of Embodiment 44l wherein R²⁴ is methyl.

Embodiment 44o

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 8e or 9 through 14 wherein R²⁵ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or cyclopropyl,

Embodiment 44p

A compound of Embodiment 44o wherein R²⁵ is methyl.

Embodiment 45

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 44p wherein R¹ is H or cyclopropyl.

Embodiment 46

A compound of Embodiment 45 wherein R¹ is H.

Embodiment 47

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 46 wherein L is —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—; or 1,2-phenylene optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br and CH₃.

Embodiment 48

A compound of any one of Embodiments 1 through 47 wherein L is —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—.

Embodiment 49

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 48 wherein R^(12a) is H or CH₃.

Embodiment 50

A compound of Embodiment 49 wherein R^(12a) is H.

Embodiment 51

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 50 wherein R^(12b) is H or CH₃.

Embodiment 52

A compound of Embodiment 51 wherein R^(12b) is H.

Embodiment 53

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 48 wherein when R^(12a) and R^(12b) are taken together, they are taken together as C₂ or C₃ alkanediyl.

Embodiment 54

A compound of Embodiment 53 wherein R^(12a) and R^(12b) are taken together as C₂ alkanediyl (i.e. R^(12a) and R^(12b) are taken together along with the carbon to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl ring).

Embodiment 55

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 54 wherein R^(13a) is H, CH₃ or OCH₃.

Embodiment 56

A compound of Embodiment 55 wherein R^(13a) is H or CH₃.

Embodiment 57

A compound of Embodiment 56 wherein R^(13a) is H.

Embodiment 58

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 57 wherein R^(13b) is H or CH₃.

Embodiment 59

A compound of Embodiment 58 wherein R^(13b) is H.

Embodiment 60

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 54 wherein when R^(13a) and R^(13b) are taken together, they are taken together as C₂ or C₃ alkanediyl.

Embodiment 61

A compound of Embodiment 60 wherein R^(13a) and R^(13b) are taken together as C₂ alkanediyl (i.e. R^(13a) and R^(13b) are taken together along with the carbon to which they are attached to form a cyclopropyl ring).

Embodiment 62

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 47 wherein when L comprises 1,2-phenylene, said 1,2-phenylene is optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br and CH₃.

Embodiment 63

A compound of Embodiment 62 wherein when L comprises 1,2-phenylene, said 1,2-phenylene is optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently selected from F and CH₃.

Embodiment 64

A compound of Embodiment 63 wherein when L comprises 1,2-phenylene, said 1,2-phenylene is unsubstituted (except for the bonds to the remainder of Formula 1).

Embodiment 65

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 47 or 62 through 64 wherein L comprises 1,2-phenylene.

Embodiment 66

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 65 wherein each R² is independently halogen or C₁-C₅ alkyl.

Embodiment 67

A compound of Embodiment 66 wherein each R² is independently F, Cl, Br or CH₃.

Embodiment 68

A compound of Embodiment 67 wherein each R² is independently F or Cl.

Embodiment 69

A compound of Embodiment 68 wherein each R² is independently F.

Embodiment 70

A compound of Embodiment 68 wherein each R² is independently Cl.

Embodiment 71

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 70 wherein n is 0, 1 or 2.

Embodiment 72

A compound of Embodiment 71 wherein n is 0 or 1.

Embodiment 73

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 61 wherein when L is —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)— and G is selected from G-1 and G-4, then n is 1 and the G ring is substituted with R² ortho to the bond to L.

Embodiment 74

A compound of Embodiment 73 wherein R² is Cl.

Embodiment 75

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 47 or 62 through 71 wherein when L is 1,2-phenylene, G is selected from G-1 and G-4 then n is 1 and the G ring is substituted with one R² is ortho to the bond to Q.

Embodiment 76

A compound of Embodiment 75 wherein when L is 1,2-phenylene, G is substituted with F ortho to the bond to Q.

Embodiment 77

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 76 wherein the heterocyclic ring Q contains at least one nitrogen atom ring member.

Embodiment 78

A compound of Embodiment 77 wherein the heterocyclic ring Q contains two nitrogen atom ring members.

Embodiment 79

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 78 wherein the heterocyclic ring Q is fully unsaturated (i.e. is heteroaromatic).

Embodiment 80

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 79 wherein the heterocyclic ring Q is selected from furan, thiophene, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, imidazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, pyrazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, 4,5-dihydroisoxazole and 4,5-dihydropyrazole.

Embodiment 81

A compound of Embodiment 80 wherein the heterocyclic ring Q is selected from pyrazole.

Embodiment 82

A compound of Embodiment 80 wherein Q is selected from Q-1 through Q-21 depicted in Exhibit 4

wherein

-   -   R¹⁴ is bonded to a ring member distal relative to the ring         member connecting the Q ring to the remainder of Formula 1, and         independently selected from R^(14c) on carbon atom ring members         and R^(14n) on nitrogen atom ring members;     -   each R¹⁵ is independently selected from R^(15c) on carbon atom         ring members and R^(15n) on nitrogen atom ring members;     -   each x is independently 0 or 1;     -   each y is independently 0, 1 or 2; and     -   each z is independently 0, 1, 2 or 3.

Embodiment 83

A compound of Embodiment 82 wherein Q is selected from Q-1 through Q-19.

Embodiment 84

A compound of Embodiment 82 wherein Q is selected from

Embodiment 85

A compound of Embodiment 84 wherein Q is selected from Q-9A and Q-9B.

Embodiment 86

A compound of Embodiment 85 wherein Q is Q-9A.

Embodiment 87

A compound of any one of Embodiments 82 through 86 wherein y is 0 or 1.

Embodiment 88

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 87 wherein each R^(14c) is independently halogen, cyano, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy.

Embodiment 89

A compound of Embodiment 88 wherein each R^(14c) is independently halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 90

A compound of Embodiment 89 wherein each R^(14c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 91

A compound of Embodiment 90 wherein each R^(14c) is independently CF₃.

Embodiment 92

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 91 wherein each R^(14n) is independently C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 93

A compound of Embodiment 92 wherein each R^(14n) is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment 94

A compound of Embodiment 93 wherein each R^(14n) is CH₃.

Embodiment 95

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 94 wherein each R^(15c) is independently halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

Embodiment 96

A compound of Embodiment 95 wherein each R^(15c) is independently halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 97

A compound of Embodiment 96 wherein each R^(15c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 98

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 97 wherein each R^(15n) is independently C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 99

A compound of Embodiment 98 wherein each R^(15n) is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment 100

A compound of Embodiment 99 wherein each R^(15n) is CH₃.

Embodiment 101

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 100 wherein each R¹⁶, R^(17c), R¹⁸ and R^(19c) is independently halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.

Embodiment 102

A compound of Embodiment 101 wherein each R¹⁶, R^(17c), R¹⁸ and R^(19c) is independently halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 103

A compound of Embodiment 102 wherein each R¹⁶, R^(17c), R¹⁸ and R^(19c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃.

Embodiment 104

A compound of Formula 1 or any one of Embodiments 1 through 103, wherein each R^(17n) and R^(19n) is independently C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl.

Embodiment 105

A compound of Embodiment 104 wherein each R^(17n) and R^(19n) is independently C₁-C₂ alkyl.

Embodiment 106

A compound of Embodiment 105 wherein each R^(17n) and R^(19n) is CH₃.

Embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1-106 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, can be combined in any manner, and the descriptions of variables in the embodiments pertain not only to the compounds of Formula 1, but also to the starting compounds and intermediate compounds useful for preparing the compounds of Formula 1. In addition, embodiments of this invention, including Embodiments 1-106 above as well as any other embodiments described herein, and any combination thereof, pertain to the compositions and methods of the present invention.

Combinations of Embodiments 1-106 are illustrated by:

Embodiment A

A compound of Formula 1 wherein

-   -   Z is O;     -   L is —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—; or 1,2-phenylene         optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently         selected from F, Cl, Br and CH₃;     -   G is selected from the group consisting of G-1, G-2, G-3 and         G-4;     -   each R² is independently halogen or C₁-C₅ alkyl;     -   n is 0, 1 or 2;     -   R³ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl;     -   R⁴ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl;     -   R⁵ is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl;     -   R⁶ is CH₃;     -   R⁷ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl;     -   R⁸ is H or CH₃;     -   R^(9a) is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂         alkylthio;     -   R^(9b) is H, halogen or C₁-C₂ alkyl;     -   R¹⁰ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl;     -   R¹¹ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl;     -   R²² is F, Cl, CH₃ or CF₃;     -   R^(12a) is H or CH₃;     -   R^(12b) is H or CH₃; or     -   R^(12a) and R^(12b) are taken as C₂ or C₃ alkanediyl;     -   R^(13a) is H, CH₃, or OCH₃;     -   R^(13b) is H or CH₃; or     -   R^(13a) and R^(13b) are taken together as C₂ or C₃ alkanediyl;     -   Q is Q-1 through Q-21 (as depicted in Embodiment 82);     -   each R¹⁶, R^(17c), R¹⁸ and R^(19c) is independently F, Cl, Br,         CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; and     -   each R^(17n) and R^(19n) is CH₃.

Embodiment B

A compound of Embodiment A wherein

-   -   A is selected from the group consisting of A-1, A-2, A-4 and         A-8;     -   L is —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—;     -   G is selected from the group consisting of G-1 and G-4;     -   B¹ is CH;     -   each R² is independently H, F, Cl, Br or CH₃;     -   n is 0 or 1;     -   R³ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃;     -   R⁴ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃;     -   R⁵ is H, halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl;     -   R⁶ is CH₃;     -   R^(9a) is halogen, F, Cl, Br, CHF₂ or CF₃;     -   R^(9b) is H, halogen or C₁-C₂ alkyl;     -   R²⁰ is Cl, CH₃ or CF₃;     -   R²¹ is H or CH₃;     -   R^(14c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃;     -   Q is selected from Q-9A, Q-9B and Q-9C (as depicted in         Embodiment 84);     -   each R^(14n) is CH₃;     -   each R^(15c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; and     -   each R^(15n) is CH₃.

Embodiment C

A compound of Embodiment B wherein

-   -   A is selected from the group consisting of A-1, A-2 and A-8;     -   B² is N;     -   B³ is CH;     -   R¹ is H;     -   G is G-1 substituted with at least one R² ortho to the bond to         Q;     -   each R² is independently F or Cl;     -   Q is selected from Q-9A and Q-9B;     -   R³ is CF₃;     -   R⁴ is CHF₂;     -   R⁵ is H, F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃;     -   R²⁰ is CH₃ or CF₃;     -   R²¹ is H;     -   R^(12a) is H;     -   R^(12b) is H;     -   R^(13a) is H or CH₃; and     -   R^(13b) is H.

Embodiment D

A compound of Embodiment A wherein

-   -   A is selected from the group consisting of A-1, A-2 and A-4;     -   L is 1,2-phenylene optionally substituted with up to 2         substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br and CH₃;     -   G is selected from G-1, G-2 and G-3;     -   each R² is independently F, Cl, Br or CH₃;     -   n is 0 or 1;     -   R³ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF;     -   R⁴ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃;     -   R⁵ is H, halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl;     -   R⁶ is CH₃;     -   R^(9a) is halogen, F, Cl, Br, CHF₂ or CF₃;     -   R^(9b) is H or methyl;     -   Q is selected from Q-9A, Q-9B and Q-9C (as depicted in         Embodiment 84);     -   R^(14c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃;     -   each R^(14n) is CH₃;     -   each R^(15c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; and     -   each R^(15n) is CH₃.

Embodiment E

A compound of Embodiment D wherein

-   -   A is selected from the group consisting of A-1 and A-2;     -   L is 1,2-phenylene optionally substituted with up to 2         substituents independently selected from F and CH₃;     -   B¹ is CH;     -   B³ is CH;     -   G is G-1;     -   each R² is independently F or Cl;     -   R³ is CF₃;     -   R⁴ is CHF₂;     -   R⁵ is H, F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; and     -   Q is selected from Q-9A and Q-9B.

Embodiment F

A compound of Embodiment E wherein

-   -   A is A-1;     -   L is 1,2-phenylene;     -   B² is N;     -   G is substituted with at least one R² ortho to the bond in         Formula 1 bonded to the bond with Q;     -   each R² is independently F or Cl; and     -   Q is Q-9A.

Specific embodiments include compounds of Formula 1 selected from the group consisting of:

-   3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[2-[5-fluoro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide     (Compound 68); -   3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-[2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-5-pyrimidinyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide     (Compound 58); -   3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridazinyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide     (Compound 54); -   3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-pyrazinyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide     (Compound 2); -   3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1-methyl-2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide     (Compound 83); and -   N-[1-methyl-2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide     (Compound 84).

Specific embodiments also include compounds of Formula 1 selected from the group consisting of:

-   3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide     (Compound 51); -   N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide     (Compound 34); -   N-[2-[5-fluoro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide     (Compound 50); -   N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-iodo-2-thiophenecarboxamide     (Compound 169); -   N-[2-[5-fluoro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-iodo-2-thiophenecarboxamide     (Compound 159); -   5-bromo-N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide     (Compound 171); -   N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-5-iodo-4-thiazolecarboxamide     (Compound 103); -   3-bromo-N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide     (Compound 175); -   N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-iodo-2-pyridinecarboxamide     (Compound 124); -   3-bromo-N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide     (Compound 125); -   N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide     (Compound 61); -   2-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-pyrazinyl]phenyl]benzamide     (Compound 1); -   3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-[2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-5-pyrimidinyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide     (Compound 56); -   N-[2-[5-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide     (Compound 186) and -   N-[2-[5-bromo-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide     (Compound 187).

This invention also provides a fungicidal composition comprising a compound of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof), and at least one other fungicide. Of note as embodiments of such compositions are compositions comprising a compound corresponding to any of the compound embodiments described above.

This invention also provides a fungicidal composition comprising a compound of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof) (i.e. in a fungicidally effective amount), and at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents. Of note as embodiments of such compositions are compositions comprising a compound corresponding to any of the compound embodiments described above.

This invention also provides a method for controlling plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens comprising applying to the plant or portion thereof, or to the plant seed, a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of Formula 1 (including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof). Of note as embodiments of such methods are methods comprising applying a fungicidally effective amount of a compound corresponding to any of the compound embodiments describe above. Of particular note are embodiments where the compounds are applied as compositions of this invention.

One or more of the following methods and variations as described in Schemes 1-21 can be used to prepare a compound of Formula 1. The definitions of A, Z, R¹, G and Q in the compounds of Formulae 1-27 below are as defined above in the Summary of the Invention unless otherwise noted. Compounds of Formulae 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 7A, 7B, 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 9F, 13A, 14A, 15A, 16A, 16B, 17A, 24A and 24B are various subsets of the compounds of Formula 1, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 24 respectively and all substituents for Formulae 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E, 1F, 7A, 7B, 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 9E, 9F, 13A, 14A, 15A, 16A, 16B, 17A, 24A and 24B are as defined above for Formula 1.

A compound of Formula 1B (i.e. a subset of a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is S) can be prepared as illustrated in Scheme 1. Treatment of a precursor of Formula 1A (i.e. a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O) with phosphorus pentasulfide or Lawesson's reagent [2,4-Bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide] in an inert solvent such as dioxane or toluene at temperatures ranging from 0° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent for 0.1 to 72 h affords a thione of Formula 1B. This type of transformation is well-known in the literature, and is typified by examples in U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,582.

A compound of Formula 1C (i.e. a subset of a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; and Q is an N-linked heterocycle, Q^(N)) and a compound of Formula 1D (i.e. a subset of a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; and Q is a C-linked heterocycle, Q^(C)) can be prepared from the intermediates of a compound of Formula 2 as outlined in Scheme 2 below.

Preparation of a compound of Formula 1C can be achieved via Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of an intermediate of Formula 2 with 1 to 3 eq. of a heterocycle of Formula 3 (wherein H is bonded to a nitrogen atom of the heterocycle) in an inert solvent in the presence of 0.1 to 1.0 eq. of a suitable ligand, 0.1 to 1.0 eq. of a copper(I) salt, and 5 to 10 eq. of a carbonate base. Such transformations are well-documented in the literature (see, for example, Tetrahedron Letters 2010, 52(38), 5052 and J. Med. Chem. 2010, 53(10), 4248). Typical ligands for the reaction are phenanthroline 1,2-diaminocyclohexane or 1,2-dialkylaminocyclohexane, while CuI and CuBr may be employed as the copper(I) salts. Carbonate bases such as sodium or potassium carbonate can also be used as the base. Suitable solvents for the reaction are dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or toluene and the reaction is carried out at temperatures ranging from ambient to the reflux temperature of the solvent for times ranging from 1 to 48 h. An amine of Formula 3 is commercially available, or can be readily prepared by the skilled practitioner using well-established protocols. A Compound of Formula 1D in Scheme 2 can be prepared via Suzuki-Miyura coupling of an intermediate of Formula 2 with one or more equivalents of a boron intermediate such as a compound of Formula 4 in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium(O) with a ligand, or a palladium(II) salt with a ligand as described analogously to commonly-practiced methods disclosed in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3484 and Tetrahedron Letters 2002, 58(14), 2885. The reaction can be conducted in solvents selected from diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile. A base is also present in amounts ranging from 5 to 20 eq. Suitable bases for this transformation include sodium, potassium or cesium carbonate, while palladium(II) salts such as Pd(OAc)₂ or PdCl₂ are commonly employed in conjunction with ligands such as triphenylphosphine or 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene. The reaction is conducted at temperatures ranging from ambient to the reflux temperature of the solvent. A boron intermediate of Formula 4 is either commercially available, or can be prepared easily from the corresponding halides or triflates via known methods disclosed in, for example, WO2007/034278, U.S. Pat. No. 8,080,566, Org. Lett. 2011, 13(6), 1366, and Org. Lett. 2012, 14(2), 600.

Compounds of Formulae 1C and 1D can alternatively be prepared from boron intermediates of a compound of Formula 5 as shown in Scheme 3 below. Chan-Lam conversion of an intermediate of a compound of Formula 5 to a compound of Formula 1C can be accomplished as described in Tetrahedron Letters 1998, 38, 2941, or Chemistry Letters 2010, 39(7), 764. An intermediate of Formula 5 is reacted in an inert solvent with 1 to 2 eq. of a heterocyclic amine of Formula 3 (i.e. Q^(N) is an heterocycle with a free NH available for bonding) and a base in the presence of 1 to 5 eq. of a Cu(II) salt at temperatures ranging from ambient to the reflux temperature of the solvent for 24 to 72 h. Suitable solvents include dichloromethane, chloroform, diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. Suitable bases include pyridine, quinoline and triethylamine which can be used in the amount of from 1 to 5 eq. Examples of Cu(II) salts that may be used include Cu(OAc)₂, CuBr₂ and CuI₂ which can be used in amounts ranging from 1 to 5 eq. An amine of Formula 3 is either commercially available, or is readily prepared as mentioned above. A compound of Formula 1D can be obtained by reacting a boron intermediate of Formula 5 with a heterocyclic intermediate of Formula 6, where X is bonded to a carbon atom of the heterocycle. Methods for conducting this Suzuki-Miyura coupling are analogous to those described above in Scheme 2 for the coupling of intermediates of a compound of Formula 2 with a boron intermediate of Formula 4 to provide a compound of Formula 1D. An intermediate of Formula 6 is commercially available, or can be easily prepared by one skilled in the art via known methodology.

A boron intermediate of Formula 5 can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula 2 in Scheme 2 using the same methods cited above for the preparation of a boron intermediate of Formula 4 in Scheme 2 from the corresponding halides or triflates as described in WO2007/034278, U.S. Pat. No. 8,080,566, Org. Lett. 2011, 13(6), 1366, and Org. Lett. 2012, 14(2), 600. A compound of Formula 2 in Scheme 2 above can be prepared by coupling an amine of Formula 7 with an acid intermediate of Formula 8 as shown in Scheme 4. Such couplings are common in organic synthesis and can be conducted under a wide variety of conditions (see March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3^(rd) ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1985, p. 1152).

An intermediate of Formula 7A (i.e. a subset of a compound of Formula 7 wherein R¹ is cyclopropyl) can be synthesized from a primary amine of Formula 9 by the analogous methods discussed in J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51(11), 3238 and US2009/0176844 as shown in Scheme 5 below. A compound of Formula 9 is treated with from 1 to 4 eq. of 1-ethoxy-1-(trimethylsilyloxy)propane (10) in acetic acid/methanol solution for 1 to 24 h at temperatures ranging from ambient to the reflux temperature of the solvent. Molecular sieves can be present as well. A reducing agent such as sodium cyanoborohydride can then be added to the reaction mixture followed by further reaction for 1 to 24 h at temperatures ranging from 0° C. to the reflux temperature of the solvent. A compound of Formula 9 in Scheme 5 is known in the art and can be synthesized using established methods found in, for example, WO2011/047156, WO2006/117358, Angewandte Chemie, Int. Ed. 2012, 51(24), 5920, and Tetrahedron Letters 1993, 34(13), 2127.

An intermediate of Formula 7B (i.e. another subset of a compound of Formula 7 wherein R¹ is C₁-C₂ alkoxy and L is —C(H)R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—) as shown in Scheme 6, is accessible from a carbonyl intermediate of Formula 11 via oximation and subsequent reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride as described in US2011/0230537, WO2011/147690 and WO2010/063700. An intermediate of Formula 11 is either commercially available or can be prepared by analogous methods described in WO2009/076747, WO2010/135650, WO2011/032277, WO2012/043791 and WO2011/152485.

A compound of Formula 1E (i.e. a subset of a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; and R¹ is H) can be prepared by reacting an amine of Formula 9A with a compound of Formula 8 as shown in Scheme 7 below. This reaction can be accomplished using the methods described in the preparation of a compound of Formula 2 in Scheme 4 above.

An amine precursor of Formula 13A can be synthesized from the previously described amine of Formula 9 via the reaction sequence illustrated in Scheme 8 below. An amine of a compound of Formula 9 can be protected with an appropriate protecting group “PG” (i.e. where PG is BOC—, PhCH₂OC(O)— or the like) to afford the N-protected intermediates such as a compound of Formula 13A. Transformation of an intermediate of Formula 13A to an intermediate of Formula 13 can be accomplished using methods analogous to those shown for the conversion of a compound of Formula 2 to compounds of Formulae 1C and 1D as shown in Scheme 2. An intermediate of Formula 13 can then be deprotected to provide the intermediate of Formula 9A. Many types of protecting groups are available for this sequence as outlined in Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1991 and the practicing chemist will recognize which protecting groups are appropriate for the sequence.

An amine intermediate of Formula 9B (i.e. a subset of a compound of Formula 9 wherein L is —C(R^(12a))H—C(H)R^(13b)—and R^(13b) is H, C₁-C₂ alkyl, or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl) are accessible through reduction of a nitro intermediate of Formula 14 as shown in Scheme 9 below.

The reaction can be carried out using Fe(0), Zn(0) or SnCl₂ in aqueous acidic media at temperatures ranging from ambient to the reflux temperature of the solvent. Alcoholic co-solvents such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and i-propanol may also be employed in the reaction. Proton sources such as aqueous hydrochloric, hydrobromic, acetic acids or aqueous NH₄Cl may be used in the reaction. The reaction is conducted for a time ranging from 0.25 h to 24 h to obtain a compound of Formula 9B which can be used as a crude intermediate without additional purification as the acid salt. Alternatively, the salt may be neutralized to the corresponding amine using procedures familiar to the practicing chemist. Typical examples for the subject reductions are given in J. Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals 2011, 54(5), 239 and WO2011/138657.

An intermediate of Formula 14 can be prepared by sodium borohydride reduction of a nitroolefin intermediate of Formula 15 as shown in Scheme 10. Typical procedures for this type of reduction can be found, for example, in Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3(1), 5 and WO2011/124704

A nitroolefin intermediate of Formula 15 can be synthesized by reacting an intermediate of Formula 16 with a nitro compound of Formula 17 as depicted in Scheme 11. The reaction is conveniently conducted in acetic acid in the presence of ammonium acetate as disclosed analogously in WO2007/141009.

An intermediate of Formula 16 can readily be prepared from a precursor of Formula 16A in Scheme 12 according to the methods previously outlined in Scheme 2 for the preparation of compounds of Formulae 1C and 1D from intermediates of a compound of Formula 2. Precursors of a compound of Formula 16A are readily available from commercial sources or can be prepared by known methods such as those disclosed in WO2012/044567, WO2012/110860, WO2012/103297 and WO2011/156698.

An amine of Formula 9C (i.e. a subset of Formula 9 wherein Q is an N-linked heterocycle, Q^(N); and R^(13a) is H) can be alternatively synthesized from a carbonyl intermediate Formula 16B as shown in Scheme 13 below. An intermediate of Formula 16A is reacted with a compound of Formula 3 in the presence of suitable bases such as NaH, K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃ and t-BuO⁻K⁺ in aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide or N,N-dimethylformamide at temperatures ranging from ambient to the reflux temperature of the solvent to afford a compound of 16B. Appropriate bases can be employed in amounts ranging from 1.0 to 3 eq., and the reaction times range from 0.5 to 24 h. An intermediate of Formula 16B may then be converted to an amine of Formula 9C using the same sequence described in previous Schemes 11, 10 and 9 for the analogous preparation of a compound of Formula 9B from a compound of Formula 16.

An amine intermediate of Formula 9D (i.e. a subset of Formula 9 wherein L is —C(R^(12a))H—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—; R^(13a) is C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ alkoxyamino; and R^(13b) is H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl), can be prepared from an intermediate of Formula 14A as shown in Scheme 14 below using the same procedures described above in Scheme 9 for the reduction of a nitro precursor of Formula 14 to the amines of Formula 9B.

As shown in Scheme 15, an intermediate of Formula 14A can be accessed from the previously-described nitroolefins of Formula 15A (i.e. a compound of Formula 15 wherein R^(13a) is C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ alkoxyamino) using methods known in the art such as those disclosed in WO2008/148570.

An amine of Formula 9A (i.e. a compound of Formula 9 wherein L is —C(H)H—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—; and R^(13a) and R^(13b) are H, C₁-C₂ alkyl, or R^(13a) and R^(13b) are taken together as C₂-C₅ alkanediyl) below can be accessed from an intermediate of Formula 17 as shown in Scheme 16 by analogy to the sequence cited in EP1500651. An intermediate of Formula 17A can be prepared from a precursor of Formula 17 according to the procedures outlined in Scheme 2 for the preparation of compounds of Formulae 1C and 1D from a compound of Formula 2. A precursor of Formula 17 is commercial, or can be synthesized in analogy to various known methods (see, for example WO2008/144222, WO2011/159760 and EP1500651).

An amine of Formula 9E (i.e. a compound of Formula 9 wherein L is —CH₂CHF—) is preparable as shown in Scheme 17 below from a ketone intermediate of Formula 18. For the preparation of a compound of Formula 9E, reduction of a ketone of Formula 18 to an alcohol of Formula 19 can be achieved using reducing agents such as NaBH₄ as outlined in J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006, 54(1), 125. Subsequent reaction with a fluorinating agent such as diethylamino sulfur trifluoride (i.e. DAST) can provide an intermediate of Formula 20 by analogy to the methods cited in WO2006/015159. Conversion to an amine of Formula 9E can then be accomplished according to the previously-described sequence in Scheme 8 for the conversion of an amine of Formula 9 to an amine of Formula 9A.

An amine of Formula 9F (i.e. a compound of Formula 9 wherein L is —CH₂CF₂—) is preparable as shown in Scheme 18 below from a ketone intermediate of Formula 18. A ketone of Formula 18 is first protected with an appropriate protecting group as to afford the protected aminoketone of Formula 21 as described previously in Scheme 8 for the protection of amines of Formula 9 to afford a protected amine of Formula 9A. Treatment of the protected amino ketone of Formula 21 with a fluorinating agent such as DAST can deliver a difluorinated intermediate of Formula 22, as described in WO2011/079102. The desired amine intermediate of Formula 9F may then be accessed by subjection of a compound of Formula 22 to the previously-described sequence in Scheme 8 for the conversion of an amine of Formula 13 to an amine of Formula 9A. An aminoketone of Formula 18 in Schemes 17 and 18 can be synthesized by analogous methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,106,986 and Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2006, 54(1).

As shown in Scheme 19, a compound of Formula 1F (i.e. a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; and L is 1,2-phenylene optionally substituted with up to 4-substitutents independently selected from halogen and C₁-C₂ alkyl) can be prepared by coupling of a boronate of Formula 23 with an intermediate of Formula 24 under the Suzuki conditions described in Scheme 2. Alternatively, a trialkyl tin compound of Formula 25 can be coupled with an intermediate of Formula 24 under Stille conditions to give a compound of Formula 1F. Stille couplings typically are conducted in the presence of Pd(O) or a Pd(II) salt, a ligand and a Cu(I) salt such as copper(I) iodide. The reaction is run in a solvent such as dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or toluene at a temperature ranging from ambient to the reflux temperature of the solvent. For conditions and reagents employed in Stille couplings see Chemical Reviews 2007, 107(1), 133. An intermediate of Formulae 23 and 25 can be prepared using commercially available starting materials or the methods outlined in Schemes 4 and 7.

An intermediate of Formula 24 is either commercially available or can be prepared as shown in Scheme 20 from an intermediate of Formula 26 by a variety of methods known to one skilled in the art. For example, when Q in a compound of Formula 24 is a nitrogen-linked heterocycle denoted by Q^(N), and J in a compound of Formula 26 is halogen or trifluoromethanesulfonate, a compound of Formula 24 can either be prepared using the Buchwald-Hartwig conditions described for Scheme 2, or by reaction with heterocyclic amines Q^(N)-H (i.e. a compound of Formula 3) in the presence of a suitable base and solvent as illustrated in U.S. 20120202834, J. Med. Chem. 2012 55(21), 9089, WO2011016559 or WO2010139731. Alternatively, an intermediate of Formula 26 wherein J is a boronic acid or boronate ester, can be coupled with a heterocycle of Formula 3 using the Chan-Lam conditions as described for Scheme 3 to provide a compound of Formula 24 wherein Q is Q^(N). A compound of Formula 24 wherein Q is a carbon-linked heterocycle denoted by Q^(C) can be accessed by coupling a precursor of Formula 26 wherein J is Br, Cl, I or trifluoromethanesulfonate with boronate-substituted heterocycles Q^(C)-B(OR)₂ (i.e. a compound of Formula 4 in Scheme 2) using the Suzuki conditions of Scheme 2 or with trialkyltin-substituted heterocycles Q^(C)-Sn(R)₃ using the Stille conditions of Scheme 19. Alternatively, a compound of Formula 26 wherein J is a boronate or trialkyltin group may also be coupled with halogen-substituted heterocycles Q^(C)-X using the methods shown in Schemes 2 or 19, respectively, to afford a compound of Formula 24 wherein Q is Q^(C). The skilled chemist will realize that prudent choice of groups X⁶ and J in reactions involving a compound of Formula 26 is needed, and that isomeric products can occur in cases where groups X⁶ and J are similar in reactivity. In cases where regioisomeric mixtures are produced, the desired product can be isolated using routine separation techniques known in the art.

When J in a compound of Formula 26 is a functional group such as an alkene, alkyne, oxime, nitrile or ketone, the functional group an be converted to various heterocycles using methods described in Katritsky, Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry, Elsevier, Vol. 1-104.

As shown in Scheme 21 a compound of Formula 1F can also be prepared by coupling an intermediate analogous to those depicted in Scheme 19 wherein functional groups in the starting reagents have been interchanged. Thus, coupling of an intermediate of Formula 27 with a boronate ester of Formula 24A and a trialkyltin intermediate of Formula 24B using methods described in Scheme 19 affords a compound of Formula 1F.

It is recognized that some reagents and reaction conditions described above for preparing a compound of Formula 1 may not be compatible with certain functionalities present in the intermediates. In these instances, the incorporation of protection/deprotection sequences or functional group interconversions into the synthesis will aid in obtaining the desired products. The use and choice of the protecting groups will be apparent to one skilled in chemical synthesis (see, for example, Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2nd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1991). One skilled in the art will recognize that, in some cases, after the introduction of a given reagent as it is depicted in any individual scheme, it may be necessary to perform additional routine synthetic steps not described in detail to complete the synthesis of compounds of Formula 1. One skilled in the art will also recognize that it may be necessary to perform a combination of the steps illustrated in the above schemes in an order other than that implied by the particular sequence presented to prepare the compounds of Formula 1.

One skilled in the art will also recognize that compounds of Formula 1 and the intermediates described herein can be subjected to various electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, organometallic, oxidation, and reduction reactions to add substituents or modify existing substituents.

Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following Examples are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. Steps in the following Examples illustrate a procedure for each step in an overall synthetic transformation, and the starting material for each step may not have necessarily been prepared by a particular preparative run whose procedure is described in other Examples or Steps. Percentages are by weight except for chromatographic solvent mixtures or where otherwise indicated. Parts and percentages for chromatographic solvent mixtures are by volume unless otherwise indicated. ¹H NMR spectra are reported in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane in CDCl₃ at 500 MHz unless otherwise indicated; “s” means singlet, “d” means doublet, “t” means triplet, “q” means quartet, “m” means multiplet, “dd” means doublet of doublets, “dt” means doublet of triplets, “br s” means broad singlet.

Example 1 Preparation of N-[1-methyl-2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide (Compound 84) Step A: Preparation of 6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde

A mixture of 6-fluoro-3-pyridine carboxaldehyde (1.5 g, 12 mmol), 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (1.6 g, 12 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.8 g, 13 mmol) in 20 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide were heated to 100° C. for approximately 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and poured into 100 mL ice water. After 20 min the precipitate was collected by filtration, dissolved in dichloromethane, dried over MgSO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 1.2 g of the title compound.

¹H NMR δ 10.13 (s, 1H), 8.91 (d, 1H), 8.71 (d, 1H), 8.34 (m, 1H), 8.22 (d, 1H), 6.77 (d, 1H).

Step B: Preparation of 5-(2-nitro-1-propen-1-yl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine

A mixture of 6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (i.e. the compound obtained in Step A above) (1.5 g, 6.2 mmol) and ammonium acetate (0.096 g, 1.2 mmol) were heated to reflux in 15 mL of nitroethane for approximately 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, dissolved in toluene, reconcentrated and then purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (0 to 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes as eluent) to yield 0.34 g of the title compound.

¹H NMR δ 8.65 (m, 1H), 8.52 (d, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.93 (m, 1H), 6.75 (d, 1H), 2.51 (d, 3H).

Step C: Preparation of α-methyl-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridineethanamine

5-(2-Nitro-1-propen-1-yl)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine (i.e. the compound obtained in Step B above) (0.31 g, 1 mmol) in 10 mL tetrahydrofuran was added drop-wise to a solution of lithium aluminum hydride in 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran at 0° C. After the addition was complete, the reaction was refluxed for approximately 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and then treated sequentially with 0.13 mL water, 0.13 mL 15% NaOH and then 0.38 mL water. After 30 min of stirring, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite® diatomaceous filter aid and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 0.22 g of the title compound which was used in the next step without further purification or characterization.

Step D: Preparation of N-[1-methyl-2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide

3-Trifluoromethylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.086 g, 0.4 mmol) was heated to reflux in 10 mL thionyl chloride for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was dissolved in 10 mL of dichloromethane and added to a solution of α-methyl-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridineethanamine (i.e. the compound obtained in Step C above) (0.11 g, 0.4 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.16 g, 1.2 mmol) in 5 mL of dichloromethane at 0° C. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stir for approximately 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid, dried over MgSO₄, concentrated under reduced pressure and then purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes as eluent) to yield 0.04 g of the title compound, a compound of the present invention.

¹H NMR δ 8.71 (m, 1H), 8.57 (m, 1H), 8.29 (d, 1H), 8.17 (m, 1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.77 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 2H), 6.69 (d, 1H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 2.99 (m, 2H), 1.29 (d, 3H).

Example 2 Preparation of 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[2-[5-fluoro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Compound 68) Step A: Preparation of 5-bromo-3-fluoro 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine

3-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (0.65 g, 4.8 mmol), 5-bromo-2,3-difluoropyridine (0.93 g, 4.8 mmol) and potassium carbonate (0.73 g, 5.3 mmol) were stirred for approximately 16 h in 10 mL of acetonitrile. The reaction mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes as eluent) to yield 0.64 g of the title compound.

¹H NMR δ 8.42 (d, 1H), 8.33 (m, 1H), 7.86 (m, 1H), 6.77 (d, 1H).

Step B: Preparation of 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[2-[5-fluoro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide

3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonyl chloride (prepared from commercial 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid according to the procedure described in PCT Patent Application WO 2008/053043; 0.30 g, 1.5 mmol), 2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzenamine (0.31 g, 1.4 mmol) and cesium carbonate (1.0 g, 3.1 mmol) were combined in 5 mL of 1,2-dimethoxyethane and stirred for approximately 16 h at ambient temperature. To this mixture was added 5-bromo-3-fluoro 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine (i.e. the compound obtained in Example 2, Step A above) (0.48 g, 1.6 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (0.049 g, 0.071 mmol), saturated sodium carbonate solution in water (3 mL) and an additional 3 mL of 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The mixture was heated to 100° C. for 3 h, cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed 3 times with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was purified by medium pressure liquid chromatography (0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes as eluent) to yield a crude residue which was subsequently purified by reverse phase medium pressure liquid chromatography (0-100% 1:1 acetonitrile to methanol in water as eluent) to yield 0.10 g of the title compound, a compound of the present invention.

¹H NMR δ 8.38 (s, 2H), 8.06 (d, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.84 (bs, 1H), 7.73 (m, 1H), 7.51 (m, 1H), 7.33 (m, 2H), 6.78 (d, 1H), 6.64 (t, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H).

Example 3 Preparation of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-pyrazinyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide (Compound 3) Step A: Preparation of 2-bromo-5-(2-nitrophenyl)pyrazine

A mixture of 2,5-dibromopyrazine (10 g, 42 mmol), 2-nitrophenylboronic acid (8.2 g, 49 mmol) and sodium carbonate (15.2 g, 143 mmol) in 300 mL 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 80 mL water was purged with nitrogen gas. Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (4.0 g, 5.7 mmol) was added and the reaction was heated to 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated under reduced pressure and then purified using silica gel column chromatography (15% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether as eluent) to yield 4.5 g of the title compound.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, dmso-d₆) δ 8.92 (dd, 2H), 8.10 (d, 1H), 7.89 (d, 2H), 7.80 (dd, 1H).

Step B: Preparation of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyrazine

A mixture of 2-bromo-5-(2-nitrophenyl)pyrazine (i.e. the compound obtained in Example 3, Step A above) (4.0 g, 14 mmol), 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole (2.2 g, 16 mmol) and potassium carbonate (5.9 g, 43 mmol) in 20 mL N,N-dimethylformamide was heated to 80° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and diluted with ice water, which caused a precipitate to form. The solid was isolated by filtration and used without further purification.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, dmso-d₆) δ 9.26 (d, 1H), 9.02 (d, 1H), 8.93 (dd, 1H), 8.13 (dd, 1H), 7.92 (m, 2H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H).

Step C: Preparation of 2-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-pyrazinyl]benzenamine

To a mixture of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyrazine (3.9 g, 12 mmol) (i.e. the compound obtained in Example 3, Step B above) in 20 mL ethanol was added palladium on carbon (0.40 g, 0.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 h at ambient temperature under a hydrogen balloon, and then filtered through Celite® diatomaceous filter aid and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified using silica gel column chromatography (10% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether as eluent) to yield 2.1 g of the title compound.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, dmso-d₆) δ 9.22 (d, 1H), 9.05 (d, 1H), 8.86 (d, 1H), 7.74 (dd, 1H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 6.68 (m, 1H), 6.53 (s, 2H).

Step D: Preparation of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-pyrazinyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide)

A mixture of 3-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid (0.33 g, 1.6 mmol), (dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethyl(3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yloxy)methaniminium hexafluorophosphate (i.e. HATU, 0.059 g, 1.6 mmol), and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.33 g, 2.6 mmol) were stirred in 10 mL dichloromethane. After 15 min, 2-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-pyrazinyl]benzenamine (i.e. the compound obtained in Example 3, Step C above) (0.4 g, 1.3 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for approximately 16 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated under reduced pressure and then purified using silica gel column chromatography (20% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether as eluent) to yield 0.36 g of the title compound, a compound of the present invention.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, dmso-d₆) δ 12.20 (s, 1H), 9.31 (s, 1H), 9.05 (m, 2H), 8.91 (bs, 1H), 8.36 (m, 2H), 7.97 (d, 1H), 7.85 (m, 1H), 7.61 (t, 1H), 7.41 (t, 1H), 7.18 (d, 1H).

Example 4 Preparation of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridazinyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide (Compound 59) Step A: Preparation of 3-bromo-6-(2-nitrophenyl)pyridazine

A mixture of 3,6-dibromopyridazine (5 g, 21 mmol), 2-nitrophenylborononic acid (4.1 g, 25 mmol), and sodium carbonate (7.6 g, 72 mmol) in 150 mL 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 40 mL water was purged with nitrogen gas for 15 min. Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (2.0 g, 2.9 mmol) was added and the reaction was heated to 80° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated under reduced pressure and then purified using silica gel column chromatography (15% ethyl acetate in petroleum ether as eluent) to yield 2.5 g of the title compound.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, dmso-d₆) δ 8.23 (d, 1H), 8.15 (d, 1H), 8.07 (d, 1H), 7.91 (m, 1H), 7.82 (m, 2H)

Step B: Preparation of 3-(2-nitrophenyl)-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]pyridazine

Prepared similarly as described in Example 3, Step B.

Step C: Preparation of 2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridazinyl]benzenamine

Prepared similarly as described in Example 3, Step C.

Step D: Preparation of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridazinyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide

Prepared similarly as described in Example 3, Step D, a compound of the present invention.

¹H NMR (400 MHz, dmso-d₆) δ 12.17 (s, 1H), 9.14 (d, 1H), 8.98 (d, 1H), 8.39 (m, 3H), 8.27 (d, 1H), 7.90 (dd, 1H), 7.84 (dd, 1H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.22 (d, 1H).

By the procedures described herein together with methods known in the art, the following compounds of Tables 1 to 1223 can be prepared. The following abbreviations are used in the Tables which follow: i means iso, c means cyclo, Me means methyl, Et means ethyl, Pr means propyl, c-Pr means cyclopropyl, i-Pr means isopropyl, Bu means butyl, c-Bu means cyclobutyl, c-pent means cyclopentyl, c-hex means cyclohexyl, Ph means phenyl, OMe means methoxy, OEt means ethoxy, —C(═O)OMe means methoxycarbonyl, —CN means cyano and —NO₂ means nitro. The following Exhibit A shows specific embodiments of variable A from the Summary of the Invention for a compound of Formula 1 where the bond projecting to the right is attached to the remainder of a compound of Formula 1 (i.e. A-C(═Z)N(R¹)—).

The below structure (i.e. a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; and G is G-1) is used to construct the following Tables. The value of n is understood to be assigned the appropriate number of R² values listed for each Table entry.

TABLE 1

For Table 1, the value for A is A-1a; n is 0; and each Q is selected from the values for Q listed in Exhibit B:

Exhibit B 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-CHF₂-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-CHF₂-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-CHF₂-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-OMe-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-OMe-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-OMe-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-MeOC(═O)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-MeOC(═O)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-MeOC(═O)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-CF₃-5-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,4-di-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-CHF₂-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 3,5-di-Me-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 3,5-di-Br-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 4-CF₃-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4-Br-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4,5-di-Cl-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4-CF₃-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 4-Br-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrrol-1-yl 3,4-di-CF₃-1H-pyrrol-1-yl 1H-pyrrol-1-yl 1-i-Pr-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 1-Me-4-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 1-i-Pr-1H-pyrazol-4-yl 1-Me-3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-4-yl 1-Et-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 3-c-Pr-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-c-pent-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-Et-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-Et-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-Et-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-CN-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-CN-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-CN-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,4-di-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-F-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 3,5-di-CF₃-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 3-Ph-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 4-CHF₂-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4-Ph-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4,5-di-Br-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4-CHF₂-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 4-Ph-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 3-CHF₂-1H-pyrrol-1-yl 2,4-di-CF₃-1H-pyrrol-1-yl 1-Me-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 1-(2,2,2-tri-F-ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 1-Me-1H-pyrazol-4-yl 1-(2,2,2-tri-F-ethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl 3-Me-1-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-4-yl 1-i-Pr-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 4-c-Pr-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-c-pent-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-Me-furan-2-yl 3-F-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-F-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-F-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-OCF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-OCF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-OCF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,5-di-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,5-di-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,5-di-CHF₂-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,4-di-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-Me-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 3-Cl-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 3,5-di-CHF₂-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 4-F-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4,5-di-Me-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 1H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4-F-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 3,4-di-Me-1H-pyrrol-1-yl 3,4-di-Br-1H-pyrrol-1-yl 1-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 1-Ph-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 1-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-4-yl 1-Ph-1H-pyrazol-4-yl 1-Me-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 1-Ph-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 3-c-Bu-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-c-hex-1H-pyrazol-1-yl furan-2-yl 3-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-I-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-OCHF₂-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-OCHF₂-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-OCHF₂-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,5-di-F-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,5-di-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,5-di-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3,4-di-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 3-CF₃-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 3-Br-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 3,5-di-Cl-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl 4-Me-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4-Cl-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4,5-di-CF₃-2H-[1,2,3]triazol-2-yl 4-Me-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 4-Cl-1H-[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl 3-Me-1H-pyrrol-1-yl 2,4-di-Me-1H-pyrrol-1-yl 3,4-di-Cl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl 1-Et-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 1,4-di-Me-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 1-Et-1H-pyrazol-4-yl 1,3-di-Me-1H-pyrazol-4-yl 1-CF₃-1H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-yl 3-I-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 5-CF₃-furan-2-yl 4-c-Bu-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-I-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 4-c-hex-1H-pyrazol-1-yl

Table 2 is constructed in the same fashion as Table 1, except in the Row Heading the phrase “A is A-1a; n is 0” is replaced with the phrase “A is A-1a; (R²)_(n) is 5-F” as shown below in the column labeled Row Heading for Table 2. For Table 2 where R² is 5-F it is understood to mean that n is 1 and R² is F located at the 5-position of the G ring. Therefore, the first entry in Table 2 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-1; A is A-1a; R² is 5-F; n is 1; and Q is 3-CF₃-pyrazol-1-yl. The second entry in Table 2 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-1; A is A-1a; R² is 5-F; n is 1; and Q is 4-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl. The remaining entries in Table 2 are constructed in the same manner.

Tables 3 through 272 are constructed similarly.

Table Row heading 2 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 3 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 4 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 5 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 6 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 7 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 8 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 9 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 10 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 11 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 12 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 13 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 14 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 15 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 16 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 17 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 18 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 19 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 20 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 21 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 22 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 23 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 24 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 25 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 26 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 27 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 28 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 29 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 30 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 31 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 32 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 33 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 34 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 35 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 36 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 37 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 38 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 39 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 40 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 41 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 42 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 43 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 44 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 45 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 46 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 47 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 48 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 49 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 50 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 51 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 52 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 53 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 54 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 55 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 56 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 57 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 58 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 59 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 60 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 61 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 62 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 63 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 64 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 65 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 66 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 67 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 68 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 69 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 70 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 71 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 72 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 73 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 74 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 75 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 76 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 77 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 78 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 79 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 80 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 81 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 82 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 83 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 84 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 85 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 86 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 87 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 88 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 89 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 90 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 91 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 92 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 93 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 94 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 95 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 96 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 97 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 98 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 99 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 100 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 101 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 102 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 103 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 104 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 105 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 106 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 107 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 108 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 109 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 110 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 111 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 112 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 113 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 114 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 115 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 116 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 117 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 118 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 119 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 120 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 121 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 122 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 123 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 124 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 125 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 126 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 127 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 128 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 129 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 130 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 131 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 132 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 133 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 134 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 135 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 136 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 137 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 138 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 139 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 140 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 141 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 142 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 143 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 144 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 145 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 146 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 147 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 148 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 149 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 150 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 151 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 152 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 153 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 154 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 155 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 156 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 157 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 158 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 159 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 160 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 161 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 162 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 163 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 164 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 165 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 166 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 167 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 168 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 169 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 170 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 171 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 172 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 173 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 174 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 175 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 176 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 177 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 178 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 179 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 180 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 181 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 182 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 183 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 184 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 185 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 186 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 187 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 188 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 189 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 190 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 191 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 192 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 193 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 194 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 195 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 196 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 197 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 198 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 199 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 200 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 201 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 202 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 203 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 204 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 205 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 206 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 207 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 208 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 209 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 210 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 211 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 212 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 213 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 214 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 215 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 216 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 217 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 218 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 219 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 220 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 221 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 222 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 223 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 224 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 225 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 226 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 227 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 228 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 229 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 230 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 231 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 232 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 233 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 234 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 235 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 236 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 237 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 238 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 239 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 240 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 241 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 242 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 243 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 244 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 245 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 246 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 247 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 248 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 249 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 250 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 251 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 252 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 253 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 254 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 255 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 256 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl 257 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 258 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-F 259 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Cl 260 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Br 261 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-I 262 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Me 263 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-Et 264 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-CF₃ 265 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-CN 266 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-OMe 267 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 5-NO₂ 268 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 269 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 270 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 271 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-F 272 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 4,5-di-Cl

TABLE 273

Table 273 is constructed in the same manner as Table 1 except that the chemical structure in Table 1 is replaced with the following structure: wherein A is A-1a; n is 0; and each Q is selected from the individual values listed in Exhibit B. Therefore, the first entry in Table 273 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-3; n is 0; and Q is 3-CF₃-pyrazol-1-yl. The second entry in Table 273 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-3; A is A-1a; n is 0; and Q is 4-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl. The remaining entries in Table 273 are constructed in the same manner.

Table 274 is constructed in the same fashion as Table 2. Tables 275 through 544 are constructed similarly to the corresponding Table listed in the following chart.

Table Constructed as in Table: 273 1 274 2 275 3 276 4 277 5 278 6 279 7 280 8 281 9 282 10 283 11 284 12 285 13 286 14 287 15 288 16 289 17 290 18 291 19 292 20 293 21 294 22 295 23 296 24 297 25 298 26 299 27 300 28 301 29 302 30 303 31 304 32 305 33 306 34 307 35 308 36 309 37 310 38 311 39 312 40 313 41 314 42 315 43 316 44 317 45 318 46 319 47 320 48 321 49 322 50 323 51 324 52 325 53 326 54 327 55 328 56 329 57 330 58 331 59 332 60 333 61 334 62 335 63 336 64 337 65 338 66 339 67 340 68 341 69 342 70 343 71 344 72 345 73 346 74 347 75 348 76 349 77 350 78 351 79 352 80 353 81 354 82 355 83 356 84 357 85 358 86 359 87 360 88 361 89 362 90 363 91 364 92 365 93 366 94 367 95 368 96 369 97 370 98 371 99 372 100 373 101 374 102 375 103 376 104 377 105 378 106 379 107 380 108 381 109 382 110 383 111 384 112 385 113 386 114 387 115 388 116 389 117 390 118 391 119 392 120 393 121 394 122 395 123 396 124 397 125 398 126 399 127 400 128 401 129 402 130 403 131 404 132 405 133 406 134 407 135 408 136 409 137 410 138 411 139 412 140 413 141 414 142 415 143 416 144 417 145 418 146 419 147 420 148 421 149 422 150 423 151 424 152 425 153 426 154 427 155 428 156 429 157 430 158 431 159 432 160 433 161 434 162 435 163 436 164 437 165 438 166 439 167 440 168 441 169 442 170 443 171 444 172 445 173 446 174 447 175 448 176 449 177 450 178 451 179 452 180 453 181 454 182 455 183 456 184 457 185 458 186 459 187 460 188 461 189 462 190 463 191 464 192 465 193 466 194 467 195 468 196 469 197 470 198 471 199 472 200 473 201 474 202 475 203 476 204 477 205 478 206 479 207 480 208 481 209 482 210 483 211 484 212 485 213 486 214 487 215 488 216 489 217 490 218 491 219 492 220 493 221 494 222 495 223 496 224 497 225 498 226 499 227 500 228 501 229 502 230 503 231 504 232 505 233 506 234 507 235 508 236 509 237 510 238 511 239 512 240 513 241 514 242 515 243 516 244 517 245 518 246 519 247 520 248 521 249 522 250 523 251 524 252 525 253 526 254 527 255 528 256 529 257 530 258 531 259 532 260 533 261 534 262 535 263 536 264 537 265 538 266 539 267 540 268 541 269 542 270 543 271 544 272

TABLE 545

Table 545 is constructed in the same fashion as Table 1 except the chemical structure is replaced with the following structure: wherein A is A-1a; n is 0; and each Q is selected from the individual values listed in Exhibit B. Therefore, the first entry in Table 545 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-2; A is A-1a; n is 0; and Q is 3-CF₃-pyrazol-1-yl. The second entry in Table 545 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-2; A is A-1a; n is 0; and Q is 4-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl. The remaining entries in Table 545 are constructed in the same manner.

Table 546 is constructed in the same fashion as Table 545 except that the Header Row phrase “A is A-1a; n is 0” is replaced with phrase “A is A-1a; (R²)_(n) is 6-F” (i.e. n is 1). Tables 547 through 710 are constructed similarly.

546 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 547 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 548 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 549 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 550 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 551 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 552 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 553 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 554 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 555 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 556 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 557 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 558 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 559 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 560 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 561 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 562 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 563 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 564 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 565 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 566 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 567 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 568 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 569 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 570 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 571 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 572 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 573 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 574 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 575 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 576 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 577 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 578 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 579 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 580 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 581 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 582 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 583 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 584 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 585 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 586 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 587 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 588 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 589 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 590 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 591 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 592 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 593 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 594 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 595 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 596 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 597 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 598 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 599 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 600 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 601 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 602 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 603 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 604 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 605 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 606 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 607 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 608 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 609 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 610 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 611 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 612 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 613 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 614 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 615 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 616 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 617 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 618 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 619 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 620 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 621 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 622 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 623 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 624 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 625 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 626 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 627 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 628 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 629 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF3 630 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 631 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 632 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 633 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 634 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 635 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 636 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 637 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 638 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 639 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 640 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 641 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 642 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 643 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 644 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 645 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 646 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 647 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 648 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 649 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 650 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 651 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 652 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 653 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 654 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 655 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 656 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 657 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 658 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 659 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 660 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 661 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 662 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 663 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 664 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 665 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 666 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 667 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 668 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 669 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 670 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 671 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 672 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 673 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 674 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 675 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 676 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 677 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 678 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 679 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 680 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 681 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 682 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 683 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 684 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 685 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 686 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 687 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 688 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 689 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 690 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 691 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 692 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 693 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 694 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 695 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 696 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 697 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 698 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂ 699 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 700 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-F 701 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Cl 702 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Br 703 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-I 704 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Me 705 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-Et 706 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-CF₃ 707 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-CN 708 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-OMe 709 A is A-8b, (R²)_(n) is 6-NO₂

TABLE 710

Table 710 is constructed in the same fashion as Table 1 except the chemical structure is replaced with the following structure: wherein A is A-1a; n is 0; and Q is as defined in Exhibit B for Table 1. Therefore, the first entry in Table 710 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-5; A is A-1a; n is 0; and Q is 3-CF₃-pyrazol-1-yl. The second entry in Table 710 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-5; A is A-1a; n is 0; and Q is 4-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl. The remaining entries in Table 710 are constructed in the same manner. Tables 711 through 965 are constructed similarly.

Table Row Heading 711 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 712 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 713 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 714 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 715 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 716 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 717 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 718 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 719 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 720 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 721 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 722 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 723 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 724 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 725 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 726 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 727 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 728 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 729 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 730 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 731 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 732 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 733 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 734 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 735 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 736 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 737 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 738 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 739 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 740 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 741 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 742 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 743 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 744 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 745 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 746 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 747 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 748 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 749 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 750 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 751 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 752 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 753 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 754 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 755 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 756 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 757 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 758 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 759 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 760 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 761 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 762 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 763 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 764 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 765 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 766 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 767 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 768 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 769 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 770 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 771 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 772 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 773 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 774 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 775 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 776 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 777 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 778 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 779 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 780 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 781 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 782 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 783 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 784 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 785 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 786 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 787 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 788 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 789 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 790 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 791 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 792 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 793 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 794 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 795 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 796 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 797 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 798 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 799 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 800 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 801 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 802 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 803 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 804 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 805 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 806 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 807 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 808 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 809 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 810 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 811 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 812 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 813 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 814 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 815 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 816 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 817 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 818 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 819 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 820 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 821 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 822 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 823 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 824 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 825 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 826 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 827 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 828 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 829 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 830 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 831 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 832 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 833 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 834 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 835 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 836 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 837 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 838 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 839 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 840 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 841 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 842 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 843 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 844 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 845 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 846 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 847 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 848 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 849 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 850 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 851 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 852 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 853 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 854 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 855 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 856 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 857 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 858 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 859 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 860 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 861 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 862 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 863 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 864 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 865 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 866 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 867 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 868 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 869 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 870 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 871 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 872 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 873 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 874 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 875 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 876 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 877 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 878 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 879 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 880 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 881 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 882 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 883 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 884 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 885 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 886 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 887 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 888 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 889 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 890 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 891 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 892 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 893 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 894 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 895 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 896 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 897 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 898 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 899 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 900 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 901 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 902 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 903 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 904 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 905 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 906 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 907 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 908 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 909 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 910 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 911 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 912 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 913 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 914 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 915 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 916 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 917 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 918 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 919 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 920 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 921 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 922 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 923 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 924 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 925 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 926 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 927 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 928 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 929 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 930 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 931 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 932 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 933 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 934 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 935 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 936 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 937 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 938 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 939 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 940 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 941 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 942 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 943 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 944 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 945 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 946 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 947 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 948 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 949 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 950 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 951 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 952 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 953 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 954 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 955 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 956 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 957 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 958 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 959 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 960 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 961 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 962 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 963 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 964 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 965 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me

TABLE 966

Table 966 is constructed as Table 1 except the chemical structure is replaced with the following structure: wherein A is A-1a; n is 0; and each Q is selected from the values listed in Exhibit B. Therefore, the first entry in Table 968 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-4; A is A-1a; n is 0; and Q is 3-CF₃-pyrazol-1-yl. The second entry in Table 966 is a compound of Formula 1 wherein Z is O; R¹ is H; L is 1,2-phenylene; G is G-4; A is A-1a; n is 0; and Q is 4-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl. The remaining entries in Table 966 are constructed in the same manner.

Tables 967 through 1221 are constructed similarly.

Table Row heading 967 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 968 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 969 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 970 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 971 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 972 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 973 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 974 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 975 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 976 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 977 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 978 A is A-1a, (R₂)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 979 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 980 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 981 A is A-1a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 982 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 983 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 984 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 985 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 986 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 987 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 988 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 989 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 990 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 991 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 992 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 993 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 994 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 995 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 996 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 997 A is A-1d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 998 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 999 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1000 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1001 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1002 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1003 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1004 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1005 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1006 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1007 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1008 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1009 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1010 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1011 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1012 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1013 A is A-1f, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1014 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1015 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1016 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1017 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1018 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1019 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1020 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1021 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1022 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1023 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1024 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1025 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1026 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1027 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1028 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1029 A is A-1h, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1030 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1031 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1032 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1033 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1034 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1035 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1036 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1037 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1038 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1039 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1040 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1041 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1042 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1043 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1044 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1045 A is A-1k, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1046 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1047 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1048 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1049 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1050 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1051 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1052 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1053 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1054 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1055 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1056 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1057 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1058 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1059 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1060 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1061 A is A-1l, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1062 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1063 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1064 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1065 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1066 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1067 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1068 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1069 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1070 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1071 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1072 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1073 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1074 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1075 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1076 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1077 A is A-2a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1078 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1079 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1080 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1081 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1082 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1083 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1084 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1085 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1086 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1087 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1088 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1089 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1090 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1091 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1092 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1093 A is A-2b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1094 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1095 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1096 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1097 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1098 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1099 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1100 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1101 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1102 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1103 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1104 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1105 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1106 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1107 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1108 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1109 A is A-2c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1110 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1111 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1112 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1113 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1114 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1115 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1116 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1117 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1118 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1119 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1120 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1121 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1122 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1123 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1124 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1125 A is A-2d, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1126 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1127 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1128 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1129 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1130 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1131 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1132 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1133 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1134 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1135 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1136 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1137 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1138 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1139 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1140 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1141 A is A-3b, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1142 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1143 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1144 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1145 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1146 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1147 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1148 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1149 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1150 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1151 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1152 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1153 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1154 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1155 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1156 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1157 A is A-3c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1158 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1159 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1160 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1161 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1162 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1163 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1164 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1165 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1166 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1167 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1168 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1169 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1170 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1171 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1172 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1173 A is A-4a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1174 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is H, n is 0 1175 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1176 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1177 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1178 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1179 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1180 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1181 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1182 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1183 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1184 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1185 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1186 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1187 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1188 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1189 A is A-6c, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1190 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1191 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1192 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1193 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1194 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1195 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1196 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1197 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1198 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1199 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1200 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1201 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1202 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1203 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1204 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1205 A is A-7a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me 1206 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is H (n is 0) 1207 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F 1208 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl 1209 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Br 1210 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-I 1211 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Me 1212 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Et 1213 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CF₃ 1214 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-CN 1215 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-OMe 1216 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-F 1217 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Cl 1218 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4,6-di-Me 1219 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-F 1220 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-Cl-6-Me 1221 A is A-8a, (R²)_(n) is 4-F-6-Me

Formulation/Utility

A compound of Formula 1 of this invention (including N-oxides and salts thereof) will generally be used as a fungicidal active ingredient in a composition, i.e. formulation, with at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents, which serve as a carrier. The formulation or composition ingredients are selected to be consistent with the physical properties of the active ingredient, mode of application and environmental factors such as soil type, moisture and temperature.

Useful formulations include both liquid and solid compositions. Liquid compositions include solutions (including emulsifiable concentrates), suspensions, emulsions (including microemulsions and/or suspoemulsions) and the like, which optionally can be thickened into gels. The general types of aqueous liquid compositions are soluble concentrate, suspension concentrate, capsule suspension, concentrated emulsion, microemulsion and suspo-emulsion. The general types of nonaqueous liquid compositions are emulsifiable concentrate, microemulsifiable concentrate, dispersible concentrate and oil dispersion.

The general types of solid compositions are dusts, powders, granules, pellets, prills, pastilles, tablets, filled films (including seed coatings) and the like, which can be water-dispersible (“wettable”) or water-soluble. Films and coatings formed from film-forming solutions or flowable suspensions are particularly useful for seed treatment. Active ingredient can be (micro)encapsulated and further formed into a suspension or solid formulation; alternatively the entire formulation of active ingredient can be encapsulated (or “overcoated”). Encapsulation can control or delay release of the active ingredient. An emulsifiable granule combines the advantages of both an emulsifiable concentrate formulation and a dry granular formulation. High-strength compositions are primarily used as intermediates for further formulation.

Sprayable formulations are typically extended in a suitable medium before spraying. Such liquid and solid formulations are formulated to be readily diluted in the spray medium, usually water, but occasionally another suitable medium like an aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbon or vegetable oil. Spray volumes can range from about one to several thousand liters per hectare, but more typically are in the range from about ten to several hundred liters per hectare. Sprayable formulations can be tank mixed with water or another suitable medium for foliar treatment by aerial or ground application, or for application to the growing medium of the plant. Liquid and dry formulations can be metered directly into drip irrigation systems or metered into the furrow during planting. Liquid and solid formulations can be applied onto seeds of crops and other desirable vegetation as seed treatments before planting to protect developing roots and other subterranean plant parts and/or foliage through systemic uptake.

The formulations will typically contain effective amounts of active ingredient, diluent and surfactant within the following approximate ranges which add up to 100 percent by weight.

Weight Percent Active Ingredient Diluent Surfactant Water-Dispersible and Water- 0.001-90 0-99.999 0-15 soluble Granules, Tablets and Powders Oil Dispersions, Suspensions,    1-50 40-99    0-50 Emulsions, Solutions (including Emulsifiable Concentrates) Dusts    1-25 70-99    0-5  Granules and Pellets 0.001-95 5-99.999 0-15 High Strength Compositions   90-99 0-10    0-2 

Solid diluents include, for example, clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite and kaolin, gypsum, cellulose, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, starch, dextrin, sugars (e.g., lactose, sucrose), silica, talc, mica, diatomaceous earth, urea, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate. Typical solid diluents are described in Watkins et al., Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers, 2nd Ed., Dorland Books, Caldwell, N.J.

Liquid diluents include, for example, water, N,N-dimethylalkanamides (e.g., N,N-dimethylformamide), limonene, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-alkylpyrrolidones (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidinone), alkyl phosphates (e.g., triethyl phosphate), ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, paraffins (e.g., white mineral oils, normal paraffins, isoparaffins), alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, glycerine, glycerol triacetate, sorbitol, aromatic hydrocarbons, dearomatized aliphatics, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, acetates such as isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, nonyl acetate, tridecyl acetate and isobornyl acetate, other esters such as alkylated lactate esters, dibasic esters, alkyl and aryl benzoates and γ-butyrolactone, and alcohols, which can be linear, branched, saturated or unsaturated, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, n-hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-octanol, decanol, isodecyl alcohol, isooctadecanol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, diacetone alcohol and benzyl alcohol. Liquid diluents also include glycerol esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (typically C₆-C₂₂), such as plant seed and fruit oils (e.g., oils of olive, castor, linseed, sesame, corn (maize), peanut, sunflower, grapeseed, safflower, cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, coconut and palm kernel), animal-sourced fats (e.g., beef tallow, pork tallow, lard, cod liver oil, fish oil), and mixtures thereof. Liquid diluents also include alkylated fatty acids (e.g., methylated, ethylated, butylated) wherein the fatty acids may be obtained by hydrolysis of glycerol esters from plant and animal sources, and can be purified by distillation. Typical liquid diluents are described in Marsden, Solvents Guide, 2nd Ed., Interscience, New York, 1950.

The solid and liquid compositions of the present invention often include one or more surfactants. When added to a liquid, surfactants (also known as “surface-active agents”) generally modify, most often reduce, the surface tension of the liquid. Depending on the nature of the hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in a surfactant molecule, surfactants can be useful as wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers or defoaming agents.

Surfactants can be classified as nonionic, anionic or cationic. Nonionic surfactants useful for the present compositions include, but are not limited to: alcohol alkoxylates such as alcohol alkoxylates based on natural and synthetic alcohols (which may be branched or linear) and prepared from the alcohols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof; amine ethoxylates, alkanolamides and ethoxylated alkanolamides; alkoxylated triglycerides such as ethoxylated soybean, castor and rapeseed oils; alkylphenol alkoxylates such as octylphenol ethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates, dinonyl phenol ethoxylates and dodecyl phenol ethoxylates (prepared from the phenols and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); block polymers prepared from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and reverse block polymers where the terminal blocks are prepared from propylene oxide; ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated fatty esters and oils; ethoxylated methyl esters; ethoxylated tristyrylphenol (including those prepared from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); fatty acid esters, glycerol esters, lanolin-based derivatives, polyethoxylate esters such as polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethoxylated sorbitol fatty acid esters and polyethoxylated glycerol fatty acid esters; other sorbitan derivatives such as sorbitan esters; polymeric surfactants such as random copolymers, block copolymers, alkyd peg (polyethylene glycol) resins, graft or comb polymers and star polymers; polyethylene glycols (pegs); polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters; silicone-based surfactants; and sugar-derivatives such as sucrose esters, alkyl polyglycosides and alkyl polysaccharides.

Useful anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to: alkylaryl sulfonic acids and their salts; carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates; diphenyl sulfonate derivatives; lignin and lignin derivatives such as lignosulfonates; maleic or succinic acids or their anhydrides; olefin sulfonates; phosphate esters such as phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates and phosphate esters of styryl phenol ethoxylates; protein-based surfactants; sarcosine derivatives; styryl phenol ether sulfate; sulfates and sulfonates of oils and fatty acids; sulfates and sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols; sulfates of alcohols; sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols; sulfonates of amines and amides such as N,N-alkyltaurates; sulfonates of benzene, cumene, toluene, xylene, and dodecyl and tridecylbenzenes; sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes; sulfonates of naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene; sulfonates of fractionated petroleum; sulfosuccinamates; and sulfosuccinates and their derivatives such as dialkyl sulfosuccinate salts.

Useful cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to: amides and ethoxylated amides; amines such as N-alkyl propanediamines, tripropylenetriamines and dipropylenetetramines, and ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated diamines and propoxylated amines (prepared from the amines and ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof); amine salts such as amine acetates and diamine salts; quaternary ammonium salts such as quaternary salts, ethoxylated quaternary salts and diquaternary salts; and amine oxides such as alkyldimethylamine oxides and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-alkylamine oxides.

Also useful for the present compositions are mixtures of nonionic and anionic surfactants or mixtures of nonionic and cationic surfactants. Nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants and their recommended uses are disclosed in a variety of published references including McCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Detergents, annual American and International Editions published by McCutcheon's Division, The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; Sisely and Wood, Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents, Chemical Publ. Co., Inc., New York, 1964; and A. S. Davidson and B. Milwidsky, Synthetic Detergents, Seventh Edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987.

Compositions of this invention may also contain formulation auxiliaries and additives, known to those skilled in the art as formulation aids (some of which may be considered to also function as solid diluents, liquid diluents or surfactants). Such formulation auxiliaries and additives may control: pH (buffers), foaming during processing (antifoams such polyorganosiloxanes), sedimentation of active ingredients (suspending agents), viscosity (thixotropic thickeners), in-container microbial growth (antimicrobials), product freezing (antifreezes), color (dyes/pigment dispersions), wash-off (film formers or stickers), evaporation (evaporation retardants), and other formulation attributes. Film formers include, for example, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers and waxes. Examples of formulation auxiliaries and additives include those listed in McCutcheon's Volume 2: Functional Materials, annual International and North American editions published by McCutcheon's Division, The Manufacturing Confectioner Publishing Co.; and PCT Publication WO 03/024222.

The compound of Formula 1 and any other active ingredients are typically incorporated into the present compositions by dissolving the active ingredient in a solvent or by grinding in a liquid or dry diluent. Solutions, including emulsifiable concentrates, can be prepared by simply mixing the ingredients. If the solvent of a liquid composition intended for use as an emulsifiable concentrate is water-immiscible, an emulsifier is typically added to emulsify the active-containing solvent upon dilution with water. Active ingredient slurries, with particle diameters of up to 2,000 μm can be wet milled using media mills to obtain particles with average diameters below 3 μm. Aqueous slurries can be made into finished suspension concentrates (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,060,084) or further processed by spray drying to form water-dispersible granules. Dry formulations usually require dry milling processes, which produce average particle diameters in the 2 to 10 μm range. Dusts and powders can be prepared by blending and usually grinding (such as with a hammer mill or fluid-energy mill). Granules and pellets can be prepared by spraying the active material upon preformed granular carriers or by agglomeration techniques. See Browning, “Agglomeration”, Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, pp 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8-57 and following, and WO 91/13546. Pellets can be prepared as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,714. Water-dispersible and water-soluble granules can be prepared as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,144,050, U.S. Pat. No. 3,920,442 and DE 3,246,493. Tablets can be prepared as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,180,587, U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,701 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,208,030. Films can be prepared as taught in GB 2,095,558 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,299,566.

One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for controlling fungal pathogens, comprising diluting the fungicidal composition of the present invention (a compound of Formula 1 formulated with surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents or a formulated mixture of a compound of Formula 1 and at least one other fungicide) with water, and optionally adding an adjuvant to form a diluted composition, and contacting the fungal pathogen or its environment with an effective amount of said diluted composition.

Although a spray composition formed by diluting with water a sufficient concentration of the present fungicidal composition can provide sufficient efficacy for controlling fungal pathogens, separately formulated adjuvant products can also be added to spray tank mixtures. These additional adjuvants are commonly known as “spray adjuvants” or “tank-mix adjuvants”, and include any substance mixed in a spray tank to improve the performance of a pesticide or alter the physical properties of the spray mixture. Adjuvants can be anionic or nonionic surfactants, emulsifying agents, petroleum-based crop oils, crop-derived seed oils, acidifiers, buffers, thickeners or defoaming agents. Adjuvants are used to enhancing efficacy (e.g., biological availability, adhesion, penetration, uniformity of coverage and durability of protection), or minimizing or eliminating spray application problems associated with incompatibility, foaming, drift, evaporation, volatilization and degradation. To obtain optimal performance, adjuvants are selected with regard to the properties of the active ingredient, formulation and target (e.g., crops, insect pests).

The amount of adjuvants added to spray mixtures is generally in the range of about 2.5% to 0.1% by volume. The application rates of adjuvants added to spray mixtures are typically between about 1 to 5 L per hectare. Representative examples of spray adjuvants include: Adigor® (Syngenta) 47% methylated rapeseed oil in liquid hydrocarbons, Silwet® (Helena Chemical Company) polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane and Assist® (BASF) 17% surfactant blend in 83% paraffin based mineral oil.

One method of seed treatment is by spraying or dusting the seed with a compound of the invention (i.e. as a formulated composition) before sowing the seeds. Compositions formulated for seed treatment generally comprise a film former or adhesive agent. Therefore typically a seed coating composition of the present invention comprises a biologically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1 and a film former or adhesive agent. Seed can be coated by spraying a flowable suspension concentrate directly into a tumbling bed of seeds and then drying the seeds. Alternatively, other formulation types such as wetted powders, solutions, suspoemulsions, emulsifiable concentrates and emulsions in water can be sprayed on the seed. This process is particularly useful for applying film coatings on seeds. Various coating machines and processes are available to one skilled in the art. Suitable processes include those listed in P. Kosters et al., Seed Treatment: Progress and Prospects, 1994 BCPC Mongraph No. 57, and references listed therein.

For further information regarding the art of formulation, see T. S. Woods, “The Formulator's Toolbox—Product Forms for Modern Agriculture” in Pesticide Chemistry and Bioscience, The Food—Environment Challenge, T. Brooks and T. R. Roberts, Eds., Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Pesticide Chemistry, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1999, pp. 120-133. See also U.S. Pat. No. 3,235,361, Col. 6, line 16 through Col. 7, line 19 and Examples 10-41; U.S. Pat. No. 3,309,192, Col. 5, line 43 through Col. 7, line 62 and Examples 8, 12, 15, 39, 41, 52, 53, 58, 132, 138-140, 162-164, 166, 167 and 169-182; U.S. Pat. No. 2,891,855, Col. 3, line 66 through Col. 5, line 17 and Examples 1-4; Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pp 81-96; Hance et al., Weed Control Handbook, 8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989; and Developments in formulation technology, PJB Publications, Richmond, UK, 2000.

In the following Examples, all percentages are by weight and all formulations are prepared in conventional ways. Compound numbers refer to compounds in Index Tables A B, and C. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art using the preceding description can utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following Examples are, therefore, to be constructed as merely illustrative, and not limiting of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. Percentages are by weight except where otherwise indicated.

Example A

High Strength Concentrate Compound 68 98.5% silica aerogel 0.5% synthetic amorphous fine silica 1.0%

Example B

Wettable Powder Compound 2 65.0% dodecylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 2.0% sodium ligninsulfonate 4.0% sodium silicoaluminate 6.0% montmorillonite (calcined) 23.0%

Example C

Granule Compound 54 10.0% attapulgite granules (low volatile matter, 0.71/0.30 mm; 90.0% U.S.S. No. 25-50 sieves)

Example D

Extruded Pellet Compound 58 25.0% anhydrous sodium sulfate 10.0% crude calcium ligninsulfonate 5.0% sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate 1.0% calcium/magnesium bentonite 59.0%

Example E

Emulsifiable Concentrate Compound 83 10.0% polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexoleate 20.0% C₆-C₁₀ fatty acid methyl ester 70.0%

Example F

Microemulsion Compound 34 5.0% polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer 30.0% alkylpolyglycoside 30.0% glyceryl monooleate 15.0% water 20.0%

Example G

Seed Treatment Compound 50 20.00% polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer 5.00% montan acid wax 5.00% calcium ligninsulfonate 1.00% polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers 1.00% stearyl alcohol (POE 20) 2.00% polyorganosilane 0.20% colorant red dye 0.05% water 65.75%

Example H

Fertilizer Stick compound 84 2.50% pyrrolidone-styrene copolymer 4.80% tristyrylphenyl 16-ethoxylate 2.30% talc 0.80% corn starch 5.00% slow-release fertilizer 36.00% kaolin 38.00% water 10.60%

Example I

Suspension Concentrate Compound 68  35% butyl polyoxyethylene/polypropylene block copolymer 4.0% stearic acid/polyethylene glycol copolymer 1.0% styrene acrylic polymer 1.0% xanthan gum 0.1% propylene glycol 5.0% silicone based defoamer 0.1% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1% water 53.7% 

Example J

Emulsion in Water compound 2 10.0% butyl polyoxyethylene/polypropylene block copolymer 4.0% stearic acid/polyethylene glycol copolymer 1.0% styrene acrylic polymer 1.0% xanthan gum 0.1% propylene glycol 5.0% silicone based defoamer 0.1% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1% aromatic petroleum based hydrocarbon 20.0 water 58.7%

Example K

Oil Dispersion compound 34 25% polyoxyethylene sorbitol hexaoleate 15% organically modified bentonite clay 2.5%  fatty acid methyl ester 57.5% 

Example L

Suspoemulsion compound 50 10.0% imidacloprid 5.0% butyl polyoxyethylene/polypropylene block copolymer 4.0% stearic acid/polyethylene glycol copolymer 1.0% styrene acrylic polymer 1.0% xanthan gum 0.1% propylene glycol 5.0% silicone based defoamer 0.1% 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1% aromatic petroleum based hydrocarbon 20.0% water 53.7%

Water-soluble and water-dispersible formulations are typically diluted with water to form aqueous compositions before application. Aqueous compositions for direct applications to the plant or portion thereof (e.g., spray tank compositions) typically contain at least about 1 ppm or more (e.g., from 1 ppm to 100 ppm) of the compound(s) of this invention.

Seed is normally treated at a rate of from about 0.001 g (more typically about 0.1 g) to about 10 g per kilogram of seed (i.e. from about 0.0001 to 1% by weight of the seed before treatment). A flowable suspension formulated for seed treatment typically comprises from about 0.5 to about 70% of the active ingredient, from about 0.5 to about 30% of a film-forming adhesive, from about 0.5 to about 20% of a dispersing agent, from 0 to about 5% of a thickener, from 0 to about 5% of a pigment and/or dye, from 0 to about 2% of an antifoaming agent, from 0 to about 1% of a preservative, and from 0 to about 75% of a volatile liquid diluent.

The compounds of this invention are useful as plant disease control agents. The present invention therefore further comprises a method for controlling plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens comprising applying to the plant or portion thereof to be protected, or to the plant seed to be protected, an effective amount of a compound of the invention or a fungicidal composition containing said compound. The compounds and/or compositions of this invention provide control of diseases caused by a broad spectrum of fungal plant pathogens in the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota phyla, and the fungal-like Oomycata class. They are effective in controlling a broad spectrum of plant diseases, particularly foliar pathogens of ornamental, turf, vegetable, field, cereal, and fruit crops. These pathogens include but are not limited to those listed in Table I. For Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, names for both the sexual/teleomorph/perfect stage as well as names for the asexual/anamorph/imperfect stage (in parentheses) are listed where known. Synonymous names for pathogens are indicated by an equal sign. For example, the sexual/teleomorph/perfect stage name Phaeosphaeria nodorum is followed by the corresponding asexual/anamorph/imperfect stage name Stagnospora nodorum and the synonymous older name Septoria nodorum.

TABLE I Ascomycetes in the order Pleosporales including Alternaria solani, A. alternata and A. brassicae, Guignardia bidwellii, Venturia inaequalis, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Dreschlera tritici-repentis = Helminthosporium tritici-repentis) and Pyrenophora teres (Dreschlera teres = Helminthosporium teres), Corynespora cassiicola, Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Stagonospora nodorum = Septoria nodorum), Cochliobolus carbonum and C. heterostrophus, Leptosphaeria biglobosa and L. maculans; Ascomycetes in the order Mycosphaerellales including Mycosphaerella graminicola (Zymoseptoria tritici = Septoria tritici), M. berkelevi (Cercosporidium personatum), M. arachidis (Cercospora arachidicola), Passalora sojina (Cercospora sojina), Cercospora zeae-maydis and C. beticola; Ascomycetes in the order Erysiphales (the powdery mildews) such as Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, Erysiphe polygoni, E. necator (=Uncinula necator), Podosphaera fuliginea (=Sphaerotheca fuliginea), and Podosphaera leucotricha (=Sphaerotheca fuliginea); Ascomycetes in the order Helotiales such as Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea), Oculimacula yallundae (=Tapesia yallundae; anamorph Helgardia herpotrichoides = Pseudocercosporella herpetrichoides), Monilinia fructicola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor, and Sclerotinia homoeocarpa; Ascomycetes in the order Hypocreales such as Giberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum), G. monoliformis (Fusarium moniliforme), Fusarium solani and Verticillium dahliae; Ascomycetes in the order Eurotiales such as Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus; Ascomycetes in the order Diaporthales such as Cryptosphorella viticola (=Phomopsis viticola), Phomopsis longicolla, and Diaporthe phaseolorum; Other Ascomycete pathogens including Magnaporthe grisea, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Rhynchosporium secalis, and anthracnose pathogens such as Glomerella acutata (Colletotrichum acutatum), G. graminicola (C. graminicola) and G. lagenaria (C. orbiculare); Basidiomycetes in the order Urediniales (the rusts) including Puccinia recondita, P. striiformis, Puccinia hordei, P. graminis and P. arachidis), Hemileia vastatrix and Phakopsora pachyrhizi; Basidiomycetes in the order Ceratobasidiales such as Thanatophorum cucumeris (Rhizoctonia solani) and Ceratobasidium oryzae-sativae (Rhizoctonia oryzae); Basidiomycetes in the order Polyporales such as Athelia rolfsii (Sclerotium rolfsii); Basidiomycetes in the order Ustilaginales such as Ustilago maydis; Zygomycetes in the order Mucorales such as Rhizopus stolonifer; Oomycetes in the order Pythiales, including Phytophthora infestans, P. megasperma, P. parasitica, P. sojae, P. cinnamomi and P. capsici, and Pythium pathogens such as Pythium aphanidermatum, P. graminicola, P. irregulare, P. ultimum and P. dissoticum; Oomycetes in the order Peronosporales such as Plasmopara viticola, P. halstedii, Peronospora hyoscyami (=Peronospora tabacina), P. manshurica, Hyaloperonospora parasitica (=Peronospora parasitica), Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Bremia lactucae; and other genera and species closely related to all of the above pathogens.

The compounds of the invention are believed to provide protection from fungal plant pathogens by inhibiting Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) fungal respiration by disrupting a key enzyme in the Krebs Cycle (TCA cycle) named succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). SDH is composed of four nuclear-encoded polypeptides, identified as SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD. Inhibiting respiration prevents the fungus from making ATP, and thus inhibits growth and reproduction. At the molecular level, carboxamides inhibit ubiquinone reduction by binding to the ubiquinone binding site (Q_(p) site) formed by subunits SDHB, SDHC and SDHD in the SDH enzyme. The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) has identified chemical compounds having this fungicidal mode of action as “SDHIs” as an abbreviation for succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors and categorized them with FRAC Code 7.

A variety of mutations in subunits SDHB, SDHC and SDHD forming the ubiquinone binding site are now known to cause resistance to SDHIs. FRAC has published on their website a “List of fungal species with resistance reports towards SDHI fungicides and mutations in the succinate dehydrogenates gene (updated March 2012)” (http://frac.info/frac/work/List%20of%20SDHI%20resistant%20species.pdf available as of 28 Jun. 2012), which includes both mutants produced in the laboratory through artificial mutagenesis and naturally occurring mutants found in the field showing resistance to SDHIs. Scalliet et al., “Mutagenesis and Functional Studies with Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors in the Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola”, PLoS ONE, 2012, 7 (4), 1-20 (published in Adobe Acrobat file format as journal.pone.0035429.pdf and available through http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0035429 on 28 Jun. 2012) describes additional mutants of Mycosphaerella graminicola. These publications disclose fungal pathogens having known resistant mutants include Alternaria alternate (SDHB: H277Y, H277R; SDHC: H134R; SDHD: D123E, H133R), Aspergillus oryzae (SDHB: H249Y, H249L, H249N; SDHC: T901; SDHD: D124E), Botrytis cinearea (SDHB: P225L, P225T, P225F, H272Y, H272R, H272L, N230I; SDHD: H132R), Botrytis elliptica (SDHB: H272Y, H272R), Corynespora cassiicola (SDHB: H287Y, H287R; SDHC: S73P, SDHD: S89P), Didymella bryoniae (SDHB: H277R, H277Y), Mycosphaerella graminicola (SDHB: S218F, P220T, P220L, S221P, N225H, N225I, R265P, H267L, H267N, H267R, H267Q, H267Y, I269V, N271K; SDHC: T79I, S83G, A84V, A84I, L85P, N86K, R87C, V88D, H145R, H152R; SDHD: D129E, D129G, D129S, D129T, H139E), Podosphaera xanthii (SDHB: H[???]Y), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SDHD: H132R), Ustilago maydis (SDHB: H257L), Stemphylium botryose (SDHB: P225L, H272Y, H272R) and Ustilago maydis (SDHB: H257L), wherein the left letter identifies the amino acid in the prevalent wild-type enzyme subunit, the number specifies the amino acid location in the subunit, and the right letter identifies the amino acid in the mutant subunit (the amino acids are identified by standard single letter codes; see for example http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Biology/aatable.html, accessed 28 Jun. 2012). Because the metabolism of other fungal pathogens, such as Septoria tritici, also involve succinate dehydrogenase, SDHI-resistant mutants are possible for them as well.

Remarkably, compounds of the present invention, retain sufficient activity against mutant fungal pathogens highly resistant to other SDHIs, so that the present compounds remain agronomically useful for protecting plants against the mutant as well as wild-type pathogens. The improved efficacy of the present compounds compared to other SDHI fungicides for controlling plant disease caused by the SDHI-resistant fungal pathogens can be determined by simple plant disease control testing, for example tests similar to Tests A-E disclosed herein, but using SDHI-resistant instead of wild-type fungal pathogens.

In addition to their fungicidal activity, the compositions or combinations also have activity against bacteria such as Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas syringae, and other related species. By controlling harmful microorganisms, the compounds of the invention are useful for improving (i.e. increasing) the ratio of beneficial to harmful microorganisms in contact with crop plants or their propagules (e.g., seeds, corms, bulbs, tubers, cuttings) or in the agronomic environment of the crop plants or their propagules.

Compounds of the invention are useful in treating all plants, plant parts and seeds. Plant and seed varieties and cultivars can be obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods or by genetic engineering methods. Genetically modified plants or seeds (transgenic plants or seeds) are those in which a heterologous gene (transgene) has been stably integrated into the plant's or seed's genome. A transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.

Genetically modified plant cultivars which can be treated according to the invention include those that are resistant against one or more biotic stresses (pests such as nematodes, insects, mites, fungi, etc.) or abiotic stresses (drought, cold temperature, soil salinity, etc.), or that contain other desirable characteristics. Plants can be genetically modified to exhibit traits of, for example, herbicide tolerance, insect-resistance, modified oil profiles or drought tolerance. Useful genetically modified plants containing single gene transformation events or combinations of transformation events are listed in Table II. Additional information for the genetic modifications listed in Table 2 can be obtained from publicly available databases maintained, for example, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The following abbreviations, T1 through T37, are used in Table 2 for traits. A “-” means the entry is not available.

Trait Description T1 Glyphosate tolerance T2 High lauric acid oil T3 Glufosinate tolerance T4 Phytate breakdown T5 Oxynil tolerance T6 Disease resistance T7 Insect resistance T9 Modified flower color T11 ALS herbicide tol. T12 Dicamba tolerance T13 Anti-allergy T14 Salt tolerance T15 Cold tolerance T16 Imidazolinone herbicide tol. T17 Modified alpha-amylase T18 Pollination control T19 2,4-D tolerance T20 Increased lysine T21 Drought tolerance T22 Delayed ripening/senescence T23 Modified product quality T24 High cellulose T25 Modified starch/carbohydrate T26 Insect & disease resist. T27 High tryptophan T28 Erect leaves semidwarf T29 Semidwarf T30 Low iron tolerance T31 Modified oil/fatty acid T32 HPPD tolerance T33 High oil T34 Aryloxyalkanoate tol. T35 Mesotrione tolerance T36 Reduced nicotine T37 Modified product

TABLE II Crop Event Name Event Code Trait(s) Gene(s) Alfalfa J101 MON-00101-8 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Alfalfa J163 MON-ØØ163-7 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Canola* 23-18-17 (Event 18) CGN-89465-2 T2 te Canola* 23-198 (Event 23) CGN-89465-2 T2 te Canola* 61061 DP-Ø61Ø61-7 T1 gat4621 Canola* 73496 DP-Ø73496-4 T1 gat4621 Canola* GT200 (RT200) MON-89249-2 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Canola* GT73 (RT73) MON-ØØØ73-7 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Canola* HCN10 (Topas 19/2) — T3 bar Canola* HCN28 (T45) ACS-BNØØ8-2 T3 pat (syn) Canola* HCN92 (Topas 19/2) ACS-BNØØ7-1 T3 bar Canola* MON88302 MON-883Ø2-9 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Canola* MPS961 — T4 phyA Canola* MPS962 — T4 phyA Canola* MPS963 — T4 phyA Canola* MPS964 — T4 phyA Canola* MPS965 — T4 phyA Canola* MS1 (B91-4) ACS-BNØØ4-7 T3 bar Canola* MS8 ACS-BNØØ5-8 T3 bar Canola* OXY-235 ACS-BNØ11-5 T5 bxn Canola* PHY14 — T3 bar Canola* PHY23 — T3 bar Canola* PHY35 — T3 bar Canola* PHY36 — T3 bar Canola* RF1 (B93-101) ACS-BNØØ1-4 T3 bar Canola* RF2 (B94-2) ACS-BNØØ2-5 T3 bar Canola* RF3 ACS-BNØØ3-6 T3 bar Bean EMBRAPA5.1 EMB-PV051-1 T6 ac1 (sense and antisense) Brinjal# EE-1 — T7 cry1Ac Carnation 11 (7442) FLO-07442-4 T8; T9 surB; dfr; hfl (f3′5′h) Carnation 11363 (1363A) FLO-11363-1 T8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Carnation 1226A (11226) FLO-11226-8 T8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Carnation 123.2.2 (40619) FLO-4Ø619-7 T8; T9 surB; dfr; hfl (f3′5′h) Carnation 123.2.38 (40644) FLO-4Ø644-4 T8; T9 surB; dfr; hfl (f3′5′h) Carnation 123.8.12 FLO-4Ø689-6 T8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Carnation 123.8.8 (40685) FLO-4Ø685-1 T8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Carnation 1351A (11351) FLO-11351-7 T8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Carnation 1400A (11400) FLO-114ØØ-2 T8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Carnation 15 FLO-ØØØ15-2 T8; T9 surB; dfr; hfl (f3′5′h) Carnation 16 FLO-ØØØ16-3 T8; T9 surB; dfr; hfl (f3′5′h) Carnation 4 FLO-ØØØØ4-9 T8; T9 surB; dfr; hfl (f3′5′h) Carnation 66 FLO-ØØØ66-8 T8; T10 surB; acc Carnation 959A (11959) FLO-11959-3 T8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Carnation 988A (11988) FLO-11988-7 T8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Carnation 26407 IFD-26497-2 ST8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Carnation 25958 IFD-25958-3 T8; T9 surB; dfr; bp40 (f3′5′h) Chicory RM3-3 — T3 bar Chicory RM3-4 — T3 bar Chicory RM3-6 — T3 bar Cotton 19-51a DD-Ø1951A-7 T11 S4-HrA Cotton 281-24-236 DAS-24236-5 T3; T7 pat (syn); cry1F Cotton 3006-210-23 DAS-21Ø23-5 T3; T7 pat (syn); cry1Ac Cotton 31707 — T5; T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton 31803 — T5; T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton 31807 — T5; T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton 31808 — T5; T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton 42317 — T5; T7 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton BNLA-601 — T7 cry1Ac Cotton BXN10211 BXN10211-9 T5 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton BXN10215 BXN10215-4 T5 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton BXN10222 BXN10222-2 T5 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton BXN10224 BXN10224-4 T5 bxn; cry1Ac Cotton COT102 SYN-IR102-7 T7 vip3A(a) Cotton COT67B SYN-IR67B-1 T7 cry1Ab Cotton COT202 — T7 vip3A Cotton Event 1 — T7 cry1Ac Cotton GMF Cry1A GTL-GMF311-7 T7 cry1Ab-Ac Cotton GHB119 BCS-GH005-8 T7 cry2Ae Cotton GHB614 BCS-GH002-5 T1 2mepsps Cotton GK12 — T7 cry1Ab-Ac Cotton LLCotton25 ACS-GH001-3 T3 bar Cotton MLS 9124 — T7 cry1C Cotton MON1076 MON-89924-2 T7 cry1Ac Cotton MON1445 MON-01445-2 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Cotton MON15985 MON-15985-7 T7 cry1Ac; cry2Ab2 Cotton MON1698 MON-89383-1 T7 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Cotton MON531 MON-00531-6 T7 cry1Ac Cotton MON757 MON-00757-7 T7 cry1Ac Cotton MON88913 MON-88913-8 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Cotton Nqwe Chi 6 Bt — T7 — Cotton SKG321 — T7 cry1A; CpTI Cotton T303-3 BCS-GH003-6 T7; T3 cry1Ab; bar Cotton T304-40 BCS-GH004-7 T7; T3 cry1Ab; bar Cotton CE43-67B — T7 cry1Ab Cotton CE46-02A — T7 cry1Ab Cotton CE44-69D — T7 cry1Ab Cotton 1143-14A — T7 cry1Ab Cotton 1143-51B — T7 cry1Ab Cotton T342-142 — T7 cry1Ab Cotton PV-GHGT07 (1445) — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Cotton EE-GH3 — T1 mepsps Cotton EE-GH5 — T7 cry1Ab Cotton MON88701 MON-88701-3 T12; T3 Modified dmo; bar Cotton OsCr11 — T13 Modified Cry j Creeping ASR368 SMG-368ØØ-2 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Bentgrass Eucalyptus 20-C — T14 codA Eucalyptus 12-5C — T14 codA Eucalyptus 12-5B — T14 codA Eucalyptus 107-1 — T14 codA Eucalyptus 1/9/2001 — T14 codA Eucalyptus 2/1/2001 — T14 codA Eucalyptus — T15 des9 Flax FP967 CDC-FL001-2 T11 als Lentil RH44 — T16 als Maize 3272 SYN-E3272-5 T17 amy797E Maize 5307 SYN-05307-1 T7 ecry3.1Ab Maize 59122 DAS-59122-7 T7; T3 cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Maize 676 PH-000676-7 T3; T18 pat; dam Maize 678 PH-000678-9 T3; T18 pat; dam Maize 680 PH-000680-2 T3; T18 pat; dam Maize 98140 DP-098140-6 T1; T11 gat4621; zm-hra Maize Bt10 — T7; T3 cry1Ab; pat Maize Bt176 (176) SYN-EV176-9 T7; T3 cry1Ab; bar Maize BVLA430101 — T4 phyA2 Maize CBH-351 ACS-ZM004-3 T7; T3 cry9C; bar Maize DAS40278-9 DAS40278-9 T19 aad-1 Maize DBT418 DKB-89614-9 T7; T3 cry1Ac; pinII; bar Maize DLL25 (B16) DKB-89790-5 T3 bar Maize GA21 MON-00021-9 T1 mepsps Maize GG25 — T1 mepsps Maize GJ11 — T1 mepsps Maize Fl117 — T1 mepsps Maize GAT-ZM1 — T3 pat Maize LY038 REN-00038-3 T20 cordapA Maize MIR162 SYN-IR162-4 T7 vip3Aa20 Maize MIR604 SYN-IR604-5 T7 mcry3A Maize MON801 MON801 T7; T1 cry1Ab; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); (MON80100) goxv247 Maize MON802 MON-80200-7 T7; T1 cry1Ab; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Maize MON809 PH-MON-809-2 T7; T1 cry1Ab; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Maize MON810 MON-00810-6 T7; T1 cry1Ab; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Maize MON832 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Maize MON863 MON-00863-5 T7 cry3Bb1 Maize MON87427 MON-87427-7 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Maize MON87460 MON-87460-4 T21 cspB Maize MON88017 MON-88017-3 T7; T1 cry3Bb1; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Maize MON89034 MON-89034-3 T7 cry2Ab2; cry1A.105 Maize MS3 ACS-ZM001-9 T3; T18 bar; bar-se Maize MS6 ACS-ZM005-4 T3; T18 bar; bar-se Maize NK603 MON-00603-6 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Maize T14 ACS-ZM002-1 T3 pat (syn) Maize T25 ACS-ZM003-2 T3 pat (syn) Maize TC1507 DAS-01507-1 T7; T3 cry1Fa2; pat Maize TC6275 DAS-06275-8 T7; T3 mocry1F; bar Maize VIP1034 T7; T3 vip3A; pat Maize 43A47 DP-043A47-3 T7; T3 cry1F; cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Maize 40416 DP-040416-8 T7; T3 cry1F; cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Maize 32316 DP-032316-8 T7; T3 cry1F; cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Maize 4114 DP-004114-3 T7; T3 cry1F; cry34Ab1; cry35Ab1; pat Melon Melon A — T22 sam-k Melon Melon B — T22 sam-k Papaya 55-1 CUH-CP551-8 T6 prsv cp Papaya 63-1 CUH-CP631-7 T6 prsv cp Papaya Huanong No. 1 — T6 prsv rep Papaya X17-2 UFL-X17CP-6 T6 prsv cp Petunia Petunia-CHS — T25 CHS suppres.sion Plum C-5 ARS-PLMC5-6 T6 ppv cp Canola** ZSR500 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Canola** ZSR502 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Canola** ZSR503 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Poplar Bt poplar — T7 cry1Ac; API Poplar Hybrid poplar — T7 cry1Ac; API clone 741 Poplar trg300-l — T24 AaXEG2 Poplar trg300-2 — T24 AaXEG2 Potato 1210 amk — T7 cry3A Potato 2904/1 kgs — T7 cry3A Canola** ZSR500 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Canola** ZSR502 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 Potato ATBT04-27 NMK-89367-8 T7 cry3A Potato ATBT04-30 NMK-89613-2 T7 cry3A Potato ATBT04-31 NMK-89170-9 T7 cry3A Potato ATBT04-36 NMK-89279-1 T7 cry3A Potato ATBT04-6 NMK-89761-6 T7 cry3A Potato BT06 NMK-89812-3 T7 cry3A Potato BT10 NMK-89175-5 T7 cry3A Potato BT12 NMK-89601-8 T7 cry3A Potato BT16 NMK-89167-6 T7 cry3A Potato BT17 NMK-89593-9 T7 cry3A Potato BT18 NMK-89906-7 T7 cry3A Potato BT23 NMK-89675-1 T7 cry3A Potato EH92-527-1 BPS-25271-9 T25 gbss (antisense) Potato HLMT15-15 — T7; T6 cry3A; pvy cp Potato HLMT15-3 — T7; T6 cry3A; pvy cp Potato HLMT15-46 — T7; T6 cry3A; pvy cp Potato RBMT15-101 NMK-89653-6 T7; T6 cry3A; pvy cp Potato RBMT21-129 NMK-89684-1 T7; T6 cry3A; plrv orf1; plrv orf2 Potato RBMT21-152 — T7; T6 cry3A; plrv orf1; plrv orf2 Potato RBMT21-350 NMK-89185-6 T7; T6 cry3A; plrv orf1; plrv orf2 Potato RBMT22-082 NMK-89896-6 T7; T6.; T1 cry3A; plrv orf1; plrv orf2; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Potato RBMT22-186 — T7; T6.; T1 cry3A; plrv orf1; plrv orf2; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Potato RBMT22-238 — T7; T6.; T1 cry3A; plrv orf1; plrv orf2; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Potato RBMT22-262 — T7; T6.; T1 cry3A; plrv orf1; plrv orf2; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Potato SEMT15-02 NMK-89935-9 T7; T6 cry3A; pvy cp Potato SEMT15-07 — T7; T6 cry3A; pvy cp Potato SEMT15-15 NMK-89930-4 T7; T6 cry3A; pvy cp Potato SPBT02-5 NMK-89576-1 T7 cry3A Potato SPBT02-7 NMK-89724-5 T7 cry3A Rice 7Crp#242-95-7 — T13 7crp Rice 7Crp#10 — T13 7crp Rice GM Shanyou 63 — T7 cry1Ab; cry1Ac Rice Huahui-1/TT51-1 — T7 cry1Ab; cry1Ac Rice LLRICE06 ACS-OS001-4 T3 bar Rice LLRICE601 BCS-OS003-7 T3 bar Rice LLRICE62 ACS-OS002-5 T3 bar Rice Tarom molaii + — T7 cry1Ab (truncated) cry1Ab Rice GAT-OS2 — T3 bar Rice GAT-OS3 — T3 bar Rice PE-7 — T7 Cry1Ac Rice 7Crp#10 — T13 7crp Rice KPD627-8 — T27 OASA1D Rice KPD722-4 — T27 OASA1D Rice KA317 — T27 OASA1D Rice HW5 — T27 OASA1D Rice HW1 — T27 OASA1D Rice B-4-1-18 — T28 Δ OsBRI1 Rice G-3-3-22 — T29 OSGA2ox1 Rice AD77 — T6 DEF Rice AD51 — T6 DEF Rice AD48 — T6 DEF Rice AD41 — T6 DEF Rice 13p-s-atAprt1 — T30 Hv-S1; Hv-AT-A; APRT Rice 13pAprt1 — T30 APRT Rice gHv-S1-gHv-AT-1 — T30 Hv-S1; Hv-AT-A; Hv-AT-B Rice gHvIDS3-1 — T30 HvIDS3 Rice gHv-AT1 — T30 Hv-AT-A; Hv-AT-B Rice gHv-S1-1 — T30 Hv-S1 Rice NIA-OS006-4 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS005-3 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS004-2 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS003-1 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS002-9 — T6 WRKY45 Rice NIA-OS001-8 — T6 WRKY45 Rice OsCr11 — T13 Modified Cry j Rice 17053 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Rice 17314 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Rose WKS82/130-4-1 IFD-52401-4 T9 5AT; bp40 (f3′5′h) Rose WKS92/130-9-1 IFD-52901-9 T9 5AT; bp40 (f3′5′h) Soybean 260-05 (G94-1, — T9 gm-fad2-1 (silencing locus) G94-19, G168) Soybean A2704-12 ACS-GM005-3 T3 pat Soybean A2704-21 ACS-GM004-2 T3 pat Soybean A5547-127 ACS-GM006-4 T3 pat Soybean A5547-35 ACS-GM008-6 T3 pat Soybean CV127 BPS-CV127-9 T16 csr1-2 Soybean DAS68416-4 DAS68416-4 T3 pat Soybean DP305423 DP-305423-1 T31; T11 gm-fad2-1 (silencing locus); gm-hra Soybean DP356043 DP-356043-5 T31; T1 gm-fad2-1 (silencing locus); gat4601 Soybean FG72 MST-FG072-3 T1; T32 2mepsps; hppdPF W336 Soybean GTS 40-3-2 (40-3-2) MON-04032-6 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean GU262 ACS-GM003-1 T3 pat Soybean MON87701 MON-87701-2 T7 cry1Ac Soybean MON87705 MON-87705-6 T31; T1 fatb1-A (sense & antisense); fad2- 1A (sense & antisense); cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean MON87708 MON-87708-9 T12; T1 dmo; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean MON87769 MON-87769-7 T31; T1 Pj.D6D; Nc.Fad3; cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean MON89788 MON-89788-1 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Soybean W62 ACS-GM002-9 T3 bar Soybean W98 ACS-GM001-8 T3 bar Soybean MON87754 MON-87754-1 T33 dgat2A Soybean DAS21606 DAS-21606 T34; T3 Modified aad-12; pat Soybean DAS44406 DAS-44406-6 T34; T1; T3 Modified aad-12; 2mepsps; pat Soybean SYHT04R SYN-0004R-8 T35 Modified avhppd Soybean 9582.814.19.1 T7; T3 cry1Ac; cry1F; pat Squash CZW3 SEM-ØCZW3-2 T6 cmv cp; zymv cp; wmv cp Squash ZW20 SEM-0ZW20-7 T6 zymv cp; wmv cp Sugar Beet GTSB77 SY-GTSB77-8 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4); goxv247 (T9100152) Sugar Beet H7-1 KM-000H71-4 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Sugar Beet T120-7 ACS-BV001-3 T3 pat Sugar Beet T227-1 — T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) Sugarcane NXI-1T — T21 EcbetA Sunflower X81359 — T16 als Sweet Pepper PK-SP01 — T6 cmv cp Tobacco C/F/93/08-02 — T5 bxn Tobacco Vector 21-41 — T36 NtQPT1 (antisense) Tomato 1345-4 — T22 acc (truncated) Tomato 35-1-N — T22 sam-k Tomato 5345 — T7 cry1Ac Tomato 8338 CGN-89322-3 T22 accd Tomato B SYN-0000B-6 T22 pg (sense or antisense) Tomato Da SYN-0000DA-9 T22 pg (sense or antisense) Tomato Da Dong No 9 T37 — Tomato F (1401F, h38F, SYN-0000F-1 T22 pg (sense or antisense) 11013F, 7913F) Tomato FLAVR SAVR ™ CGN-89564-2 T22 pg (sense or antisense) Tomato Huafan No 1 — T22 anti-efe Tomato PK-TM8805R — T6 cmv cp (8805R) Wheat MON71800 MON-718ØØ-3 T1 cp4 epsps (aroA:CP4) *Argentine, **Polish, #Eggplant

Treatment of genetically modified plants and seeds with compounds of the invention may result in super-additive or synergistic effects. For example, reduction in application rates, broadening of the activity spectrum, increased tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses or enhanced storage stability may be greater than expected from just simple additive effects of the application of compounds of the invention on genetically modified plants and seeds.

Compounds of this invention are useful in seed treatments for protecting seeds from plant diseases. In the context of the present disclosure and claims, treating a seed means contacting the seed with a biologically effective amount of a compound of this invention, which is typically formulated as a composition of the invention. This seed treatment protects the seed from soil-borne disease pathogens and generally can also protect roots and other plant parts in contact with the soil of the seedling developing from the germinating seed. The seed treatment may also provide protection of foliage by translocation of the compound of this invention or a second active ingredient within the developing plant. Seed treatments can be applied to all types of seeds, including those from which plants genetically transformed to express specialized traits will germinate. Representative examples include those expressing proteins toxic to invertebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis toxin or those expressing herbicide resistance such as glyphosate acetyltransferase, which provides resistance to glyphosate. Seed treatments with compounds of this invention can also increase vigor of plants growing from the seed.

Compounds of this invention and their compositions, both alone and in combination with other fungicides, nematicides and insecticides, are particularly useful in seed treatment for crops including, but not limited to, maize or corn, soybeans, cotton, cereal (e.g., wheat, oats, barley, rye and rice), potatoes, vegetables and oilseed rape.

Furthermore, the compounds of this invention are useful in treating postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables caused by fungi and bacteria. These infections can occur before, during and after harvest. For example, infections can occur before harvest and then remain dormant until some point during ripening (e.g., host begins tissue changes in such a way that infection can progress); also infections can arise from surface wounds created by mechanical or insect injury. In this respect, the compounds of this invention can reduce losses (i.e. losses resulting from quantity and quality) due to postharvest diseases which may occur at any time from harvest to consumption. Treatment of postharvest diseases with compounds of the invention can increase the period of time during which perishable edible plant parts (e.g, fruits, seeds, foliage, stems, bulbs, tubers) can be stored refrigerated or un-refrigerated after harvest, and remain edible and free from noticeable or harmful degradation or contamination by fungi or other microorganisms. Treatment of edible plant parts before or after harvest with compounds of the invention can also decrease the formation of toxic metabolites of fungi or other microorganisms, for example, mycotoxins such as aflatoxins.

Plant disease control is ordinarily accomplished by applying an effective amount of a compound of this invention either pre- or post-infection, to the portion of the plant to be protected such as the roots, stems, foliage, fruits, seeds, tubers or bulbs, or to the media (soil or sand) in which the plants to be protected are growing. The compounds can also be applied to seeds to protect the seeds and seedlings developing from the seeds. The compounds can also be applied through irrigation water to treat plants. Control of postharvest pathogens which infect the produce before harvest is typically accomplished by field application of a compound of this invention, and in cases where infection occurs after harvest the compounds can be applied to the harvested crop as dips, sprays, fumigants, treated wraps and box liners.

Rates of application for these compounds (i.e. a fungicidally effective amount) can be influenced by factors such as the plant diseases to be controlled, the plant species to be protected, ambient moisture and temperature and should be determined under actual use conditions. One skilled in the art can easily determine through simple experimentation the fungicidally effective amount necessary for the desired level of plant disease control. Foliage can normally be protected when treated at a rate of from less than about 1 g/ha to about 5,000 g/ha of active ingredient. Seed and seedlings can normally be protected when seed is treated at a rate of from about 0.001 g (more typically about 0.1 g) to about 10 g per kilogram of seed. Compounds of this invention can also be mixed with one or more other biologically active compounds or agents including fungicides, insecticides, nematocides, bactericides, acaricides, herbicides, herbicide safeners, growth regulators such as insect molting inhibitors and rooting stimulants, chemosterilants, semiochemicals, repellents, attractants, pheromones, feeding stimulants, plant nutrients, other biologically active compounds or entomopathogenic bacteria, virus or fungi to form a multi-component pesticide giving an even broader spectrum of agricultural protection. Thus the present invention also pertains to a composition comprising a compound of Formula 1 (in a fungicidally effective amount) and at least one additional biologically active compound or agent (in a biologically effective amount) and can further comprise at least one of a surfactant, a solid diluent or a liquid diluent. The other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated in compositions comprising at least one of a surfactant, solid or liquid diluent. For mixtures of the present invention, one or more other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated together with a compound of Formula 1, to form a premix, or one or more other biologically active compounds or agents can be formulated separately from the compound of Formula 1, and the formulations combined together before application (e.g., in a spray tank) or, alternatively, applied in succession.

As mentioned in the Summary of the Invention, one aspect of the present invention is a fungicidal composition comprising (i.e. a mixture or combination of) a compound of Formula 1, an N-oxide, or a salt thereof (i.e. component a), and at least one other fungicide (i.e. component b). Of note is such a combination where the other fungicidal active ingredient has different site of action from the compound of Formula 1. In certain instances, a combination with at least one other fungicidal active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action will be particularly advantageous for resistance management. Thus, a composition of the present invention can further comprise a fungicidally effective amount of at least one additional fungicidal active ingredient having a similar spectrum of control but a different site of action.

Of note is a composition which in addition to the Formula 1 compound of component (a), includes as component (b) at least one fungicidal compound selected from the group consisting of the FRAC-defined mode of action (MOA) classes (A) nucleic acid synthesis, (B) mitosis and cell division, (C) respiration, (D) amino acid and protein synthesis, (E) signal transduction, (F) lipid synthesis and membrane integrity, (G) sterol biosynthesis in membranes, (H) cell wall biosynthesis in membranes, (I) melanin synthesis in cell wall, (P) host plant defense induction, multi-site contact activity and unknown mode of action.

FRAC-recognized or proposed target sites of action along with their FRAC target site codes belonging to the above MOA classes are (A1) RNA polymerase I, (A2) adenosine deaminase, (A3) DNA/RNA synthesis (proposed), (A4) DNA topoisomerase, (B1-B3) β-tubulin assembly in mitosis, (B4) cell division (proposed), (B5) delocalization of spectrin-like proteins, (C1) complex I NADH odxido-reductase, (C2) complex II: succinate dehydrogenase, (C3) complex III: cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinol oxidase) at Qo site, (C4) complex III: cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinone reductase) at Qi site, (C5) uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, (C6) inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthase, (C7) ATP production (proposed), (C8) complex III: cytochrome bc1 (ubiquinone reductase) at Qx (unknown) site, (D1) methionine biosynthesis (proposed), (D2-D5) protein synthesis, (E1) signal transduction (mechanism unknown), (E2-E3) MAP/histidine kinase in osmotic signal transduction, (F2) phospholipid biosynthesis, methyl transferase, (F3) lipid peroxidation (proposed), (F4) cell membrane permeability, fatty acids (proposed), (F6) microbial disrupters of pathogen cell membranes, (F7) cell membrane disruption (proposed), (G1) C14-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis, (G2) Δ14-reductase and Δ8→Δ7-isomerase in sterol biosynthesis, (G3) 3-keto reductase, C4-demethylation, (G4) squalene epoxidase in sterol biosynthesis, (H3) trehalase and inositol biosynthesis, (H4) chitin synthase, (H5) cellulose synthase, (I1) reductase in melanin biosynthesis and (I2) dehydratase in melanin biosynthesis.

Of particular note is a composition which in addition to the Formula 1 compound of component (a), includes as component (b) at least one fungicidal compound selected from the group consisting of the classes (b1) methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides; (b2) dicarboximide fungicides; (b3) demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides; (b4) phenylamide fungicides; (b5) amine/morpholine fungicides; (b6) phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor fungicides; (b7) succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides; (b8) hydroxy(2-amino-)pyrimidine fungicides; (b9) anilinopyrimidine fungicides; (b10) N-phenyl carbamate fungicides; (b11) quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides; (b12) phenylpyrrole fungicides; (b13) azanaphthalene fungicides; (b14) lipid peroxidation inhibitor fungicides; (b15) melanin biosynthesis inhibitor-reductase (MBI-R) fungicides; (b16) melanin biosynthesis inhibitor-dehydratase (MBI-D) fungicides; (b17) sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (SBI): Class III fungicides; (b18) squalene-epoxidase inhibitor fungicides; (b19) polyoxin fungicides; (b20) phenylurea fungicides; (b21) quinone inside inhibitor (QiI) fungicides; (b22) benzamide and thiazole carboxamide fungicides; (b23) enopyranuronic acid antibiotic fungicides; (b24) hexopyranosyl antibiotic fungicides; (b25) glucopyranosyl antibiotic: protein synthesis fungicides; (b26) glucopyranosyl antibiotic: trehalase and inositol biosynthesis fungicides; (b27) cyanoacetamideoxime fungicides; (b28) carbamate fungicides; (b29) oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling fungicides; (b30) organo tin fungicides; (b31) carboxylic acid fungicides; (b32) heteroaromatic fungicides; (b33) phosphonate fungicides; (b34) phthalamic acid fungicides; (b35) benzotriazine fungicides; (b36) benzene-sulfonamide fungicides; (b37) pyridazinone fungicides; (b38) thiophene-carboxamide fungicides; (b39) complex I NADH oxidoreductase inhibitor fungicides; (b40) carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides; (b41) tetracycline antibiotic fungicides; (b42) thiocarbamate fungicides; (b43) benzamide fungicides; (b44) microbial fungicides; (b45) Q_(X)I fungicides; (b46) plant extract fungicides; (b47) host plant defense induction fungicides; (b48) multi-site contact activity fungicides; (b49) fungicides other than fungicides of classes (b1) through (b48); and salts of compounds of classes (b1) through (b48).

Further descriptions of these classes of fungicidal compounds are provided below.

(b1) “Methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides” (FRAC code 1) inhibit mitosis by binding to β-tubulin during microtubule assembly Inhibition of microtubule assembly can disrupt cell division, transport within the cell and cell structure. Methyl benzimidazole carbamate fungicides include benzimidazole and thiophanate fungicides. The benzimidazoles include benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole and thiabendazole. The thiophanates include thiophanate and thiophanate-methyl.

(b2) “Dicarboximide fungicides” (FRAC code 2) inhibit a MAP/histidine kinase in osmotic signal transduction. Examples include chlozolinate, iprodione, procymidone and vinclozolin.

(b3) “Demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides” (FRAC code 3) (Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors (SBI): Class I) inhibit C14-demethylase, which plays a role in sterol production. Sterols, such as ergosterol, are needed for membrane structure and function, making them essential for the development of functional cell walls. Therefore, exposure to these fungicides results in abnormal growth and eventually death of sensitive fungi. DMI fungicides are divided between several chemical classes: azoles (including triazoles and imidazoles), pyrimidines, piperazines, pyridines and triazolinthiones. The triazoles include azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole (including diniconazole-M), epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, α-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-α-[2-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, rel-1-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxiranyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole, rel-2-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxiranyl]methyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, and rel-1-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxiranyl]methyl]-5-(2-propen-1-ylthio)-1H-1,2,4-triazole. The imidazoles include econazole, imazalil, oxpoconazole, prochloraz, pefurazoate and triflumizole. The pyrimidines include fenarimol, nuarimol and triarimol. The piperazines include triforine. The pyridines include buthiobate, pyrifenox, pyrisoxazole (3-[(3R)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinyl]pyridine, mixture of 3R,5R- and 3R,5S-isomers) and (αS)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-3-pyridinemethanol. The triazolinthiones include prothioconazole and 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione. Biochemical investigations have shown that all of the above mentioned fungicides are DMI fungicides as described by K. H. Kuck et al. in Modern Selective Fungicides—Properties, Applications and Mechanisms of Action, H. Lyr (Ed.), Gustav Fischer Verlag: New York, 1995, 205-258.

(b4) “Phenylamide fungicides” (FRAC code 4) are specific inhibitors of RNA polymerase in Oomycete fungi. Sensitive fungi exposed to these fungicides show a reduced capacity to incorporate uridine into rRNA. Growth and development in sensitive fungi is prevented by exposure to this class of fungicide. Phenylamide fungicides include acylalanine, oxazolidinone and butyrolactone fungicides. The acylalanines include benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M (also known as kiralaxyl), furalaxyl, metalaxyl and metalaxyl-M (also known as mefenoxam). The oxazolidinones include oxadixyl. The butyrolactones include ofurace.

(b5) “Amine/morpholine fungicides” (FRAC code 5) (SBI: Class II) inhibit two target sites within the sterol biosynthetic pathway, Δ⁸→Δ⁷ isomerase and Δ¹⁴ reductase. Sterols, such as ergosterol, are needed for membrane structure and function, making them essential for the development of functional cell walls. Therefore, exposure to these fungicides results in abnormal growth and eventually death of sensitive fungi. Amine/morpholine fungicides (also known as non-DMI sterol biosynthesis inhibitors) include morpholine, piperidine and spiroketal-amine fungicides. The morpholines include aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph and trimorphamide. The piperidines include fenpropidin and piperalin. The spiroketal-amines include spiroxamine.

(b6) “Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor fungicides” (FRAC code 6) inhibit growth of fungi by affecting phospholipid biosynthesis. Phospholipid biosynthesis fungicides include phosphorothiolate and dithiolane fungicides. The phosphorothiolates include edifenphos, iprobenfos and pyrazophos. The dithiolanes include isoprothiolane.

(b7) “Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides” (FRAC code 7) inhibit Complex II fungal respiration by disrupting a key enzyme in the Krebs Cycle (TCA cycle) named succinate dehydrogenase. Inhibiting respiration prevents the fungus from making ATP, and thus inhibits growth and reproduction. SDHI fungicides include phenylbenzamide, furan carboxamide, oxathiin carboxamide, thiazole carboxamide, pyrazole-4-carboxamide, pyridine carboxamide, phenyl oxoethyl thiophene amides and pyridinylethyl benzamides The benzamides include benodanil, flutolanil and mepronil. The furan carboxamides include fenfuram. The oxathiin carboxamides include carboxin and oxycarboxin. The thiazole carboxamides include thifluzamide. The pyrazole-4-carboxamides include benzovindiflupyr (N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), bixafen, fluxapyroxad (3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(3′,4′,5′-trifluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), furametpyr, isopyrazam (3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), penflufen (N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), penthiopyrad, sedaxane (N-[2-[1,1′-bicyclopropyl]-2-ylphenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), N-[2-(1S,2R)-[1,1′-bicyclopropyl]-2-ylphenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide and N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-N-[[2-(1-methyl-ethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide. The pyridine carboxamides include boscalid. The phenyl oxoethyl thiophene amides include isofetamid (N-[1,1-dimethyl-2-[2-methyl-4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-2-oxoethyl]-3-methyl-2-thiophenecarboxamide). The pyridinylethyl benzamides include fluopyram.

(b8) “Hydroxy-(2-amino-)pyrimidine fungicides” (FRAC code 8) inhibit nucleic acid synthesis by interfering with adenosine deaminase. Examples include bupirimate, dimethirimol and ethirimol.

(b9) “Anilinopyrimidine fungicides” (FRAC code 9) are proposed to inhibit biosynthesis of the amino acid methionine and to disrupt the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes that lyse plant cells during infection. Examples include cyprodinil, mepanipyrim and pyrimethanil.

(b10) “N-Phenyl carbamate fungicides” (FRAC code 10) inhibit mitosis by binding to β-tubulin and disrupting microtubule assembly. Inhibition of microtubule assembly can disrupt cell division, transport within the cell and cell structure. Examples include diethofencarb.

(b11) “Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides” (FRAC code 11) inhibit Complex III mitochondrial respiration in fungi by affecting ubiquinol oxidase. Oxidation of ubiquinol is blocked at the “quinone outside” (Q_(o)) site of the cytochrome bc₁ complex, which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of fungi Inhibiting mitochondrial respiration prevents normal fungal growth and development. Quinone outside inhibitor fungicides include methoxyacrylate, methoxycarbamate, oximinoacetate, oximinoacetamide and dihydrodioxazine fungicides (collectively also known as strobilurin fungicides), and oxazolidinedione, imidazolinone and benzylcarbamate fungicides. The methoxyacrylates include azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin (methyl(αE)-2-[[(3-butyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), enoxastrobin (methyl(αE)-2-[[[(E)-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-propen-1-ylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate) (also known as enestroburin), flufenoxystrobin (methyl(αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), picoxystrobin and pyraoxystrobin (methyl(αE)-2-[[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate). The methoxycarbamates include pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin (methyl N-[2-[[(1,4-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)oxy]methyl]phenyl]-N-methoxycarbamate) and triclopyricarb (methyl N-methoxy-N-[2-[[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]methyl]phenyl]carbamate). The oximinoacetates include kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin. The oximinoacetamides include dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin ((αE)-2-[[[(E)-[(2E)-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-2-propen-1-ylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxyimino)-N-methylbenzeneacetamide), metominostrobin, orysastrobin and α-[methoxyimino]-N-methyl-2-[[[1-[3-(trifluoro-methyl)phenyl]ethoxy]imino]methyl]benzeneacetamide. The dihydrodioxazines include fluoxastrobin. The oxazolidinediones include famoxadone. The imidazolinones include fenamidone. The benzylcarbamates include pyribencarb. Class (b11) also includes mandestrobin (2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]-α-methoxy-N-benzeneacetamide).

(b12) “Phenylpyrrole fungicides” (FRAC code 12) inhibit a MAP/histidine kinase associated with osmotic signal transduction in fungi. Fenpiclonil and fludioxonil are examples of this fungicide class.

(b13) “Azanaphthalene fungicides” (FRAC code 13) are proposed to inhibit signal transduction by a mechanism which is as yet unknown. They have been shown to interfere with germination and/or appressorium formation in fungi that cause powdery mildew diseases. Azanaphthalene fungicides include aryloxyquinolines and quinazolinones. The aryloxyquinolines include quinoxyfen. The quinazolinones include proquinazid.

(b14) “Lipid peroxidation inhibitor fungicides” (FRAC code 14) are proposed to inhibit lipid peroxidation which affects membrane synthesis in fungi. Members of this class, such as etridiazole, may also affect other biological processes such as respiration and melanin biosynthesis. Lipid peroxidation fungicides include aromatic hydrocarbon and 1,2,4-thiadiazole fungicides. The aromatic hydrocarboncarbon fungicides include biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene and tolclofos-methyl. The 1,2,4-thiadiazoles include etridiazole.

(b15) “Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors-reductase (MBI-R) fungicides” (FRAC code 16.1) inhibit the naphthal reduction step in melanin biosynthesis. Melanin is required for host plant infection by some fungi. Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors-reductase fungicides include isobenzofuranone, pyrroloquinolinone and triazolobenzothiazole fungicides. The isobenzofuranones include fthalide. The pyrroloquinolinones include pyroquilon. The triazolobenzothiazoles include tricyclazole.

(b16) “Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors-dehydratase (MBI-D) fungicides” (FRAC code 16.2) inhibit scytalone dehydratase in melanin biosynthesis. Melanin in required for host plant infection by some fungi. Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors-dehydratase fungicides include cyclopropanecarboxamide, carboxamide and propionamide fungicides. The cyclopropanecarboxamides include carpropamid. The carboxamides include diclocymet. The propionamides include fenoxanil.

(b17) “Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitor (SBI): Class III fungicides (FRAC code 17) inhibit 3-ketoreductase during C4-demethylation in sterol production. SBI: Class III inhibitors include hydroxyanilide fungicides and amino-pyrazolinone fungicides. Hydroxyanilides include fenhexamid. Amino-pyrazolinones include fenpyrazamine (S-2-propen-1-yl 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-2-(1-methylethyl)-4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioate).

(b18) “Squalene-epoxidase inhibitor fungicides” (FRAC code 18) (SBI: Class IV) inhibit squalene-epoxidase in the sterol biosynthesis pathway. Sterols such as ergosterol are needed for membrane structure and function, making them essential for the development of functional cell walls. Therefore exposure to these fungicides results in abnormal growth and eventually death of sensitive fungi. Squalene-epoxidase inhibitor fungicides include thiocarbamate and allylamine fungicides. The thiocarbamates include pyributicarb. The allylamines include naftifine and terbinafine.

(b19) “Polyoxin fungicides” (FRAC code 19) inhibit chitin synthase. Examples include polyoxin.

(b20) “Phenylurea fungicides” (FRAC code 20) are proposed to affect cell division. Examples include pencycuron.

(b21) “Quinone inside inhibitor (QiI) fungicides” (FRAC code 21) inhibit Complex III mitochondrial respiration in fungi by affecting ubiquinone reductase. Reduction of ubiquinone is blocked at the “quinone inside” (Q_(i)) site of the cytochrome bc₁ complex, which is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of fungi. Inhibiting mitochondrial respiration prevents normal fungal growth and development. Quinone inside inhibitor fungicides include cyanoimidazole and sulfamoyltriazole fungicides. The cyanoimidazoles include cyazofamid. The sulfamoyltriazoles include amisulbrom.

(b22) “Benzamide and thiazole carboxamide fungicides” (FRAC code 22) inhibit mitosis by binding to β-tubulin and disrupting microtubule assembly. Inhibition of microtubule assembly can disrupt cell division, transport within the cell and cell structure. The benzamides include zoxamide. The thiazole carboxamides include ethaboxam.

(b23) “Enopyranuronic acid antibiotic fungicides” (FRAC code 23) inhibit growth of fungi by affecting protein biosynthesis. Examples include blasticidin-S.

(b24) “Hexopyranosyl antibiotic fungicides” (FRAC code 24) inhibit growth of fungi by affecting protein biosynthesis. Examples include kasugamycin.

(b25) “Glucopyranosyl antibiotic: protein synthesis fungicides” (FRAC code 25) inhibit growth of fungi by affecting protein biosynthesis. Examples include streptomycin.

(b26) “Glucopyranosyl antibiotic: trehalase and inositol biosynthesis fungicides” (FRAC code 26) inhibit trehalase and inositol biosynthesis. Examples include validamycin.

(b27) “Cyanoacetamideoxime fungicides (FRAC code 27) include cymoxanil.

(b28) “Carbamate fungicides” (FRAC code 28) are considered multi-site inhibitors of fungal growth. They are proposed to interfere with the synthesis of fatty acids in cell membranes, which then disrupts cell membrane permeability. Propamacarb, iodocarb, and prothiocarb are examples of this fungicide class.

(b29) “Oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling fungicides” (FRAC code 29) inhibit fungal respiration by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibiting respiration prevents normal fungal growth and development. This class includes 2,6-dinitroanilines such as fluazinam, and dinitrophenyl crotonates such as dinocap, meptyldinocap and binapacryl.

(b30) “Organo tin fungicides” (FRAC code 30) inhibit adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase in oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Examples include fentin acetate, fentin chloride and fentin hydroxide.

(b31) “Carboxylic acid fungicides” (FRAC code 31) inhibit growth of fungi by affecting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) topoisomerase type II (gyrase). Examples include oxolinic acid.

(b32) “Heteroaromatic fungicides” (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) code 32) are proposed to affect DNA/ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. Heteroaromatic fungicides include isoxazoles and isothiazolones. The isoxazoles include hymexazole and the isothiazolones include octhilinone.

(b33) “Phosphonate fungicides” (FRAC code 33) include phosphorous acid and its various salts, including fosetyl-aluminum.

(b34) “Phthalamic acid fungicides” (FRAC code 34) include teclofthalam.

(b35) “Benzotriazine fungicides” (FRAC code 35) include triazoxide.

(b36) “Benzene-sulfonamide fungicides” (FRAC code 36) include flusulfamide.

(b37) “Pyridazinone fungicides” (FRAC code 37) include diclomezine.

(b38) “Thiophene-carboxamide fungicides” (FRAC code 38) are proposed to affect ATP production. Examples include silthiofam.

(b39) “Complex I NADH oxidoreductase inhibitor fungicides” (FRAC code 39) inhibit electron transport in mitochondria and include pyrimidinamines such as diflumetorim, and pyrazole-5-carboxamides such as tolfenpyrad.

(b40) “Carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides” (FRAC code 40) inhibit cellulose synthase which prevents growth and leads to death of the target fungus. Carboxylic acid amide fungicides include cinnamic acid amide, valinamide and other carbamate, and mandelic acid amide fungicides. The cinnamic acid amides include dimethomorph, flumorph and pyrimorph (3-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-3-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-1-(4-morpholinyl)-2-propene-1-one). The valinamide and other carbamates include benthiavalicarb, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, iprovalicarb, tolprocarb (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl N-[(1S)-2-methyl-1-[[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]methyl]propyl]carbamate) and valifenalate (methyl N-[(1-methylethoxy)carbonyl]-L-valyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-β-alaninate) (also known as valiphenal). The mandelic acid amides include mandipropamid, N-[2-[4-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propyn-1-yl]oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]ethyl]-3-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)-amino]butanamide and N-[2-[4-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propyn-1-yl]oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]-ethyl]-3-methyl-2-[(ethylsulfonyl)amino]butanamide.

(b41) “Tetracycline antibiotic fungicides” (FRAC code 41) inhibit growth of fungi by affecting protein synthesis. Examples include oxytetracycline.

(b42) “Thiocarbamate fungicides” (FRAC code 42) include methasulfocarb.

(b43) “Benzamide fungicides” (FRAC code 43) inhibit growth of fungi by delocalization of spectrin-like proteins. Examples include pyridinylmethyl benzamide fungicides such as fluopicolide (now FRAC code 7, pyridinylethyl benzamides).

(b44) “Microbial fungicides” (FRAC code 44) disrupt fungal pathogen cell membranes. Microbial fungicides include Bacillus species such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains QST 713, FZB24, MB1600, D747 and the fungicidal lipopeptides which they produce.

(b45) “Q_(X)I fungicides” (FRAC code 45) inhibit Complex III mitochondrial respiration in fungi by affecting ubiquinone reductase at an unknown (Q_(X)) site of the cytochrome bc₁ complex. Inhibiting mitochondrial respiration prevents normal fungal growth and development. Q_(X)I fungicides include triazolopyrimidylamines such as ametoctradin (5-ethyl-6-octyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine).

(b46) “Plant extract fungicides” are proposed to act by cell membrane disruption. Plant extract fungicides include terpene hydrocarbons and terpene alcohols such as the extract from Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree).

(b47) “Host plant defense induction fungicides” (FRAC code P) induce host plant defense mechanisms. Host plant defense induction fungicides include benzothiadiazoles, benzisothiazole and thiadiazole-carboxamide fungicides. The benzothiadiazoles include acibenzolar-S-methyl. The benzisothiazoles include probenazole. The thiadiazole-carboxamides include tiadinil and isotianil.

(b48) “Multi-site contact fungicides” inhibit fungal growth through multiple sites of action and have contact/preventive activity. This class of fungicides includes: (b48.1) “copper fungicides” (FRAC code M1)”, (b48.2) “sulfur fungicides” (FRAC code M2), (b48.3) “dithiocarbamate fungicides” (FRAC code M3), (b48.4) “phthalimide fungicides” (FRAC code M4), (b48.5) “chloronitrile fungicides” (FRAC code M5), (b48.6) “sulfamide fungicides” (FRAC code M6), (b48.7) multi-site contact “guanidine fungicides” (FRAC code M7), (b48.8) “triazine fungicides” (FRAC code M8), (b48.9) “quinone fungicides” (FRAC code M9), (b48.10) “quinoxaline fungicides” (FRAC code M10) and (b48.11) “maleimide fungicides” (FRAC code M11). “Copper fungicides” are inorganic compounds containing copper, typically in the copper(II) oxidation state; examples include copper oxychloride, copper sulfate and copper hydroxide, including compositions such as Bordeaux mixture (tribasic copper sulfate). “Sulfur fungicides” are inorganic chemicals containing rings or chains of sulfur atoms; examples include elemental sulfur. “Dithiocarbamate fungicides” contain a dithiocarbamate molecular moiety; examples include mancozeb, metiram, propineb, ferbam, maneb, thiram, zineb and ziram. “Phthalimide fungicides” contain a phthalimide molecular moiety; examples include folpet, captan and captafol. “Chloronitrile fungicides” contain an aromatic ring substituted with chloro and cyano; examples include chlorothalonil. “Sulfamide fungicides” include dichlofluanid and tolyfluanid. Multi-site contact “guanidine fungicides” include, guazatine, iminoctadine albesilate and iminoctadine triacetate. “Triazine fungicides” include anilazine. “Quinone fungicides” include dithianon. “Quinoxaline fungicides” include quinomethionate (also known as chinomethionate). “Maleimide fungicides” include fluoroimide.

(b49) “Fungicides other than fungicides of classes (b1) through (b48)” include certain fungicides whose mode of action may be unknown. These include: (b49.1) “phenyl-acetamide fungicides” (FRAC code U6), (b49.2) “aryl-phenyl-ketone fungicides” (FRAC code U8), (b49.3) “guanidine fungicides” (FRAC code U12), (b49.4) “thiazolidine fungicides” (FRAC code U13), (b49.5) “pyrimidinone-hydrazone fungicides” (FRAC code U14) and (b49.6) compounds that bind to oxysterol-binding protein as described in PCT Patent Publication WO 2013/009971. The phenyl-acetamides include cyflufenamid and N-[[cyclopropylmethoxy)amino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]-methylene]-benzeneacetamide. The aryl-phenyl ketones include benzophenones such as metrafenone, and benzoylpyridines such as pyriofenone ((5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methyl-3-pyridinyl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone). The guanidines include dodine. The thiazolidines include flutianil ((2Z)-2-[[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thio]-2-[3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazolidinylidene]acetonitrile). The pyrimidinone-hydrazones include ferimzone. The (b49.6) class includes oxathiapiprolin (1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone) and its R-enantiomer which is 1-[4-[4-[5R-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone (Registry Number 1003319-79-6).

The (b49) class also includes bethoxazin, flometoquin (2-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]-4-quinolinyl methyl carbonate), fluoroimide, neo-asozin (ferric methanearsonate), picarbutrazox (1,1-dimethylethyl N-[6-[[[[((Z)-1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamate), pyrrolnitrin, quinomethionate, tebufloquin (6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-8-fluoro-2,3-dimethyl-4-quinolinyl acetate), tolnifanide (N-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide), 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 3-butyn-1-yl N-[6-[[[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamate, (N-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide), N-[4-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-phenoxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide, N-[[(cyclopropyl-methoxy)amino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methylene]benzeneacetamide, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c′]dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]-4-pyrimidinamine, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-4-pyrimidinamine and 4-fluorophenyl N-[1-[[[1-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl]sulfonyl]methyl]-propyl]carbamate, pentyl N-[6-[[[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl-methylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamate, pentyl N-[4-[[[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-thiazolyl]carbamate and pentyl N-[6-[[[[(Z)-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]-carbamate. The (b49) class further includes mitosis- and cell division-inhibiting fungicides besides those of the particular classes described above (e.g., (b1), (b10) and (b22)).

Additional “Fungicides other than fungicides of classes (b1) through (b48)” whose mode of action may be unknown, or may not yet be classified include a fungicidal compound selected from components (b49.7) through (b49.12), as shown below.

Component (b49.7) relates to a compound of Formula b49.7

-   -   wherein R^(b1) is

Examples of a compound of Formula b49.7 include (b49.7a) (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-methyl 2-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-4-thiazole-carboxylate (Registry Number 1299409-40-7) and (b49.7b) (1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl 2-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxylate (Registry Number 1299409-42-9). Methods for preparing compounds of Formula b49.7 are described in PCT Patent Publications WO 2009/132785 and WO 2011/051243.

Component (b49.8) relates to a compound of Formula b49.8

-   -   wherein R^(b2) is CH₃, CF₃ or CHF₂; R^(b3) is CH₃, CF₃ or CHF₂;         R^(b4) is halogen or cyano; and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.         Examples of a compound of Formula b49.8 include (b49.8a)         1-[4-[4-[5-[(2,6-difluorophenoxy)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone.         Methods for preparing compounds of Formula b49.8 are described         in PCT Patent Application PCT/US11/64324.

Component (b49.9) relates to a compound of Formula b49.9

-   -   wherein R^(b5) is —CH₂OC(O)CH(CH₃)₂, —C(O)CH₃, —CH₂OC(O)CH₃,         —C(O)OCH₂CH(CH₃)₂ or

Examples of a compound of Formula b49.9 include (b49.9a) [[4-methoxy-2-[[[(3S,7R,8R,9S)-9-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxopropoxy)-2,6-dioxo-7-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-3-yl]amino]carbonyl]-3-pyridinyl]oxy]methyl 2-methylpropanoate (Registry Number 517875-34-2), (b49.9b) (3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[[3-(acetyloxy)-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl]-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-8-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methyl-propanoate (Registry Number 234112-93-7), (b49.9c) (3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[[3-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl]carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-8-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate (Registry Number 517875-31-9), (b49.9d) (3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[[4-methoxy-3-[[(2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-8-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate (Registry Number 328256-72-0), and (b49.9e) N-[[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethoxy)-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl]carbonyl]-O-[2,5-dideoxy-3-O-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-2-(phenylmethyl)-L-arabinonoyl]-L-serine, (1→4)-lactone (Registry Number 1285706-70-8). Methods for preparing compounds of Formula b49.9 are described in PCT Patent Publications WO 99/40081, WO 2001/014339, WO 2003/035617 and WO 2011044213.

Component (b49.10) relates to a compound of Formula b49.10

wherein R^(b6) is H or F, and R^(b7) is —CF₂CHFCF₃ or —CF₂CF₂H. Examples of a compound of Formula b49.10 are (b49.10a) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-propoxy)phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Registry Number 1172611-40-3) and (b49.10b) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Registry Number 923953-98-4). Compounds of Formula 49.10 can be prepared by methods described in PCT Patent Publication WO 2007/017450.

Component b49.11 relates a compound of Formula b49.11

-   -   wherein     -   R^(b8) is halogen, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₂-C₄ alkynyl;     -   R^(b9) is H, halogen or C₁-C₄ alkyl;     -   R^(b10) is C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₁-C₁₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkoxy, C₂-C₁₂         alkoxyalkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₄-C₁₂         alkoxyalkenyl, C₄-C₁₂ alkoxyalkynyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkylthio or C₂-C₁₂         alkylthioalkyl;     -   R^(b11) is methyl or —Y^(b13)—R^(b12);     -   R^(b12) is C₁-C₂ alkyl; and     -   Y^(b13) is CH₂, O or S.         Examples of compounds of Formula b49.11 include (b49.11a)         2-[(3-bromo-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-butyn-1-yl)-2-(methylthio)acetamide,         (b49.11b)         2-[(3-ethynyl-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-N-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-2-propyn-1-yl]-2-(methylthio)-acetamide,         (b49.11c)         N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-butyn-1-yl)-2-[(3-ethynyl-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-2-(methylthio)acetamide,         (b49.11d)         2-[(3-bromo-8-methyl-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propyn-1-yl)-2-(methylthio)acetamide         and (b49.11e)         2-[(3-bromo-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)butanamide.         Compounds of Formula b49.11, their use as fungicides and methods         of preparation are generally known; see, for example, PCT Patent         Publications WO 2004/047538, WO 2004/108663, WO 2006/058699, WO         2006/058700, WO 2008/110355, WO 2009/030469, WO 2009/049716 and         WO 2009/087098.

Component 49.12 relates to N-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylmethanimidamide, which is believed to inhibit C24-methyl transferase involved in the biosynthesis of sterols.

Therefore of note is a mixture (i.e. composition) comprising a compound of Formula 1 and at least one fungicidal compound selected from the group consisting of the aforedescribed classes (1) through (49). Also of note is a composition comprising said mixture (in fungicidally effective amount) and further comprising at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents. Of particular note is a mixture (i.e. composition) comprising a compound of Formula 1 and at least one fungicidal compound selected from the group of specific compounds listed above in connection with classes (1) through (49). Also of particular note is a composition comprising said mixture (in fungicidally effective amount) and further comprising at least one additional surfactant selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents.

Examples of component (b) fungicides include acibenzolar-S-methyl, aldimorph, ametoctradin, amisulbrom, anilazine, azaconazole, azoxystrobin, benalaxyl (including benalaxyl-M), benodanil, benomyl, benthiavalicarb (including benthiavalicarb-isopropyl), benzovindiflupyr, bethoxazin, binapacryl, biphenyl, bitertanol, bixafen, blasticidin-S, boscalid, bromuconazole, bupirimate, buthiobate, captafol, captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carpropamid, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, clotrimazole, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, coumoxystrobin, cyazofamid, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, dichlofluanid, diclocymet, diclomezine, dicloran, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, diflumetorim, dimethirimol, dimethomorph, dimoxystrobin, diniconazole (including diniconazole-M), dinocap, dithianon, dithiolanes, dodemorph, dodine, econazole, edifenphos, enoxastrobin (also known as enestroburin), epoxiconazole, etaconazole, ethaboxam, ethirimol, etridiazole, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fenaminstrobin, fenbuconazole, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fenoxanil, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fenpyrazamine, fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, flometoquin, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, flumorph, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluoroimide, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutianil, flutolanil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, fthalide, fuberidazole, furalaxyl, furametpyr, guazatine, hexaconazole, hymexazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, iodocarb, ipconazole, iprobenfos, iprodione, iprovalicarb, isoconazole, isofetamid, isoprothiolane, isopyrazam, isotianil, kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, mandepropamid, mandestrobin, maneb, mepanipyrim, mepronil, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl (including metalaxyl-M/mefenoxam), metconazole, methasulfocarb, metiram, metominostrobin, metrafenone, miconazole, myclobutanil, naftifine, neo-asozin, nuarimol, octhilinone, ofurace, orysastrobin, oxadixyl, oxathiapiprolin, oxolinic acid, oxpoconazole, oxycarboxin, oxytetracycline, pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, penflufen, penthiopyrad, phosphorous acid (including salts thereof, e.g., fosetyl-aluminum), picarbutrazox, picoxystrobin, piperalin, polyoxin, probenazole, prochloraz, procymidone, propamacarb, propiconazole, propineb, proquinazid, prothiocarb, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyrazophos, pyribencarb, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyriofenone, pyrisoxazole, pyroquilon, pyrrolnitrin, quinconazole, quinomethionate, quinoxyfen, quintozene, sedaxane, silthiofam, simeconazole, spiroxamine, streptomycin, sulfur, tebuconazole, tebufloquin, teclofthalam, tecnazene, terbinafine, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tiadinil, tolclofos-methyl, tolnifanide, tolprocarb, tolyfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, triarimol, triticonazole, triazoxide, tribasic copper sulfate, tricyclazole, triclopyricarb, tridemorph, trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, triforine, trimorphamide, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, validamycin, valifenalate (also known as valiphenal), vinclozolin, zineb, ziram, zoxamide, (3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[[3-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl]carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-8-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate, (3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[[3-(acetyloxy)-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl]carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-8-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate, N-[[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethoxy)-4-methoxy-2-pyridinyl]carbonyl]-O-[2,5-dideoxy-3-O-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-2-(phenylmethyl)-L-arabinonoyl]-L-serine, (1→4)-lactone, N-[2-(1S,2R)-[1,1′-bicyclopropyl]-2-ylphenyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2-[(3-bromo-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-butyn-1-yl)-2-(methylthio)acetamide, 2-[(3-bromo-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)butanamide, 2-[(3-bromo-8-methyl-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propyn-1-yl)-2-(methylthio)acetamide, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 3-butyn-1-yl N-[6-[[[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-phenylmethylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamate, α-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-α-[2-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (αS)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-3-pyridinemethanol, rel-1-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxiranyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole, rel-2-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxiranyl]methyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, rel-1-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxiranyl]methyl]-5-(2-propen-1-ylthio)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinyl]pyridine, (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl 2-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxylate, N-[4-[[3-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-methanimidamide, N-[2-[4-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propyn-1-yl]oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]-ethyl]-3-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]butanamide, N-[2-[4-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propyn-1-yl]oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]ethyl]-3-methyl-2-[(ethylsulfonyl)amino]butanamide, N-[4-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-methanimidamide, N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-N-[[2-(1-methyl-ethyl)phenyl]methyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-[[(cyclopropylmethoxy)amino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methylene]benzeneacetamide, N-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(3′,4′-difluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexa-fluoropropoxy)phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-[3-methoxy-4-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenyl]ethyl]-4-quinazolinamine, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1-[4-[4-[5R-[(2,6-difluorophenoxy)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-butyn-1-yl)-2-[(3-ethynyl-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-2-(methylthio)acetamide, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c′]dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, 2-[(3-ethynyl-6-quinolinyl)oxy]-N-[1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methyl-2-propyn-1-yl]-2-(methylthio)acetamide, 4-fluorophenyl N-[1-[[[1-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl]sulfonyl]methyl]propyl]carbamate, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-4-pyrimidinamine, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]-4-pyrimidinamine, (3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[[[4-methoxy-3-[[(2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]oxy]-2-pyridinyl]carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-8-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate, α-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-[[[1-[3-(trifluoro-methyl)phenyl]ethoxy]imino]methyl]benzeneacetamide, [[4-methoxy-2-[[[(3S,7R,8R,9S)-9-methyl-8-(2-methyl-1-oxopropoxy)-2,6-dioxo-7-(phenylmethyl)-1,5-dioxonan-3-yl]-amino]carbonyl]-3-pyridinyl]oxy]methyl 2-methylpropanoate, pentyl N-[6-[[[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamate, pentyl N-[4-[[[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-thiazolyl]carbamate, and pentyl N-[6-[[[[(Z)-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamate and (1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl 2-[1-[2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl]-4-piperidinyl]-4-thiazolecarboxylate. Therefore of note is a fungicidal composition comprising as component (a) a compound of Formula 1 (or an N-oxide or salt thereof) and as component (b) at least one fungicide selected from the preceding list.

Of particular note are combinations of compounds of Formula 1 (or an N-oxide or salt thereof) (i.e. Component (a) in compositions) with azoxystrobin, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, captan, carpropamid, chlorothalonil, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, diethofencarb, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, epoxiconazole, ethaboxam, fenarimol, fenhexamid, fluazinam, fludioxonil, fluopyram, flusilazole, flutianil, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, folpet, iprodione, isofetamid, isopyrazam, kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, mandestrobin, meptyldinocap, metalaxyl (including metalaxyl-M/mefenoxam), metconazole, metrafenone, myclobutanil, oxathiapiprolin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, phosphorous acid (including salts thereof, e.g., fosetyl-aluminum), picoxystrobin, propiconazole, proquinazid, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, pyrimethanil, sedaxane spiroxamine, sulfur, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl, trifloxystrobin, zoxamide, α-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-α-[2-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol, 2-[2-(1 chlorocyclopropyl)-4-(2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl)-2-hydroxybutyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, N-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1-[4-[4-[5R-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazolyl]-2-thiazolyl]-1-piperidinyl]-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, 1,1-dimethylethyl N-[6-[[[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenylmethylene]amino]oxy]methyl]-2-pyridinyl]carbamate, 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c′]dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluoro-phenyl)methoxy]-4-pyrimidinamine, 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]-4-pyrimidin-amine, (αS)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-isoxazolyl]-3-pyridinemethanol, rel-1-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxiranyl]-methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole, rel-2-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxiranyl]methyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, and rel-1-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-oxiranyl]methyl]-5-(2-propen-1-ylthio)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (i.e. as Component (b) in compositions).

Examples of other biologically active compounds or agents with which compounds of this invention can be formulated are: invertebrate pest control compounds or agents such as abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, afidopyropen ([(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-6,12-dihydroxy-4,6a,12b-trimethyl-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-4-yl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate), amidoflumet (S-1955), avermectin, azadirachtin, azinphos-methyl, bifenthrin, bifenazate, buprofezin, carbofuran, cartap, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorfluazuron, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole (3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cyclaniliprole (3-bromo-N-[2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[[(1-cyclopropylethyl)amino]carbonyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide), cycloxaprid ((5S,8R)-1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-5,8-epoxy-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine), cyflumetofen, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dieldrin, diflubenzuron, dimefluthrin, dimethoate, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flubendiamide, flucythrinate, flufenoxystrobin (methyl(αE)-2-[[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), flufensulfone (5-chloro-2-[(3,4,4-trifluoro-3-buten-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiazole), flupiprole (1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(2-methyl-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), flupyradifurone (4-[[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino]-2(5H)-furanone), tau-fluvalinate, flufenerim (UR-50701), flufenoxuron, fonophos, halofenozide, heptafluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-[(1Z)-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]cyclopropanecarboxylate), hexaflumuron, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, isofenphos, lufenuron, malathion, meperfluthrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl(1R,3S)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methamidophos, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, metofluthrin, milbemycin oxime, momfluorothrin ([2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-(methoxymethyl)phenyl]methyl 3-(2-cyano-1-propen-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate), monocrotophos, nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron (XDE-007), oxamyl, pyflubumide (1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(2-methyl-1-oxopropyl)-N-[3-(2-methylpropyl)-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide), parathion, parathion-methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, pirimicarb, profenofos, profluthrin, pymetrozine, pyrafluprole, pyrethrin, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazon, pyriminostrobin (methyl(αE)-2-[[[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)amino]-6-(trifluoromethyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]methyl]-α-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate), pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, rotenone, ryanodine, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen (BSN 2060), spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor, sulprofos, tebufenozide, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethylfluthrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, triazamate, trichlorfon and triflumuron; and biological agents including entomopathogenic bacteria, such as Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, and the encapsulated delta-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (e.g., Cellcap, MPV, MPVII); entomopathogenic fungi, such as green muscardine fungus; and entomopathogenic virus including baculovirus, nucleopolyhedro virus (NPV) such as HzNPV, AfNPV; and granulosis virus (GV) such as CpGV.

Compounds of this invention and compositions thereof can be applied to plants genetically transformed to express proteins toxic to invertebrate pests (such as Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins). The effect of the exogenously applied fungicidal compounds of this invention may be synergistic with the expressed toxin proteins.

General references for agricultural protectants (i.e. insecticides, fungicides, nematocides, acaricides, herbicides and biological agents) include The Pesticide Manual, 13th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U. K., 2003 and The BioPesticide Manual, 2nd Edition, L. G. Copping, Ed., British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey, U. K., 2001.

For embodiments where one or more of these various mixing partners are used, the weight ratio of these various mixing partners (in total) to the compound of Formula 1 is typically between about 1:3000 and about 3000:1. Of note are weight ratios between about 1:300 and about 300:1 (for example ratios between about 1:30 and about 30:1). One skilled in the art can easily determine through simple experimentation the biologically effective amounts of active ingredients necessary for the desired spectrum of biological activity. It will be evident that including these additional components may expand the spectrum of diseases controlled beyond the spectrum controlled by the compound of Formula 1 alone.

In certain instances, combinations of a compound of this invention with other biologically active (particularly fungicidal) compounds or agents (i.e. active ingredients) can result in a greater-than-additive (i.e. synergistic) effect. Reducing the quantity of active ingredients released in the environment while ensuring effective pest control is always desirable. When synergism of fungicidal active ingredients occurs at application rates giving agronomically satisfactory levels of fungal control, such combinations can be advantageous for reducing crop production cost and decreasing environmental load.

Also in certain instances, combinations of a compound of the invention with other biologically active compounds or agents can result in a less-than-additive (i.e. safening) effect on organisms beneficial to the agronomic environment. For example, a compound of the invention may safen a herbicide on crop plants or protect a beneficial insect species (e.g., insect predators, pollinators such as bees) from an insecticide.

Fungicides of note for formulation with compounds of Formula 1 to provide mixtures useful in seed treatment include but are not limited to amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, boscalid, carbendazim, carboxin, cymoxanil, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, fluazinam, fludioxonil, flufenoxystrobin, fluquinconazole, fluopicolide, fluoxastrobin, flutriafol, fluxapyroxad, ipconazole, iprodione, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, metconazole, myclobutanil, paclobutrazole, penflufen, picoxystrobin, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, sedaxane, silthiofam, tebuconazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, trifloxystrobin and triticonazole.

Invertebrate pest control compounds or agents with which compounds of Formula 1 can be formulated to provide mixtures useful in seed treatment include but are not limited to abamectin, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, afidopyropen, amitraz, avermectin, azadirachtin, bensultap, bifenthrin, buprofezin, cadusafos, carbaryl, carbofuran, cartap, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyromazine, deltamethrin, dieldrin, dinotefuran, diofenolan, emamectin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiprole, etofenprox, etoxazole, fenothiocarb, fenoxycarb, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flubendiamide, fluensulfone, flufenoxuron, flufiprole, flupyradifurone, fluvalinate, formetanate, fosthiazate, heptafluthrin, hexaflumuron, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, lufenuron, meperfluthrin, metaflumizone, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methoxyfenozide, momfluorothrin, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, oxamyl, pyflubumide, pymetrozine, pyrethrin, pyridaben, pyriminostrobin, pyridalyl, pyriproxyfen, ryanodine, spinetoram, spinosad, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor, tebufenozide, tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiosultap-sodium, tralomethrin, triazamate, triflumuron, Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, strains of Bacillus thuringiensis and strains of Nucleo polyhydrosis viruses.

Compositions comprising compounds of Formula 1 useful for seed treatment can further comprise bacteria and fungi that have the ability to provide protection from the harmful effects of plant pathogenic fungi or bacteria and/or soil born animals such as nematodes. Bacteria exhibiting nematicidal properties may include but are not limited to Bacillus firmus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillius subtiliis and Pasteuria penetrans. A suitable Bacillus firmus strain is strain CNCM 1-1582 (GB-126) which is commercially available as BioNem™. A suitable Bacillus cereus strain is strain NCMM 1-1592. Both Bacillus strains are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,690. Other suitable bacteria exhibiting nematicidal activity are B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a and B. subtilis strain GB03. Bacteria exhibiting fungicidal properties may include but are not limited to B. pumilus strain GB34. Fungal species exhibiting nematicidal properties may include but are not limited to Myrothecium verrucaria, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Purpureocillium lilacinum.

Seed treatments can also include one or more nematicidal agents of natural origin such as the elicitor protein called harpin which is isolated from certain bacterial plant pathogens such as Erwinia amylovora. An example is the Harpin-N-Tek seed treatment technology available as N-Hibit™ Gold CST.

Seed treatments can also include one or more species of legume-root nodulating bacteria such as the microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum. These inocculants can optionally include one or more lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), which are nodulation (Nod) factors produced by rhizobia bacteria during the initiation of nodule formation on the roots of legumes. For example, the Optimize® brand seed treatment technology incorporates LCO Promoter Technology™ in combination with an inocculant.

Seed treatments can also include one or more isoflavones which can increase the level of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi improve plant growth by enhancing the root uptake of nutrients such as water, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates and metals. Examples of isoflavones include, but are not limited to, genistein, biochanin A, formononetin, daidzein, glycitein, hesperetin, naringenin and pratensein. Formononetin is available as an active ingredient in mycorrhizal inocculant products such as PHC Colonize® AG.

Seed treatments can also include one or more plant activators that induce systemic acquired resistance in plants following contact by a pathogen. An example of a plant activator which induces such protective mechanisms is acibenzolar-S-methyl.

The following Tests demonstrate the control efficacy of compounds of this invention on specific pathogens. The pathogen control protection afforded by the compounds is not limited, however, to these species. See Index Tables A-C for compound descriptions. The following abbreviations are used in the Index Tables which follow: Me is methyl, Et is ethyl, Ph is phenyl and OMe is methoxy. The abbreviation “Ex.” stands for “Example” and is followed by a number indicating in which example the compound is prepared. In the following Index Tables each value of G refers to the G ring as described in the Summary of the Invention. When an (R²)_(n) substituent is present, it is noted immediately after the value of the G ring. In the absence of an (R²)_(n) substituent, this means that n is 0, and hydrogen atoms instead of R² substituents are bonded to all available G ring carbon atoms. In the following Index Tables each value of A refers to the A rings as described in Exhibit A. Mass spectra are reported as the molecular weight of the highest isotopic abundance parent ion (M+1) formed by addition of H⁺ (molecular weight of 1) to the molecule, or (M−1) formed by the loss of H⁺ (molecular weight of 1) from the molecule, observed by using an liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS) using either atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (AP⁺) or electrospray ionization (ESI⁺), where “amu” stands for atomic mass units.

INDEX TABLE A

Cmpd. No. A G, (R²)_(n) Q M.P. M + 1 M − 1  1 A-1a G-2 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 180-182  2 A-2b G-2 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 207-209  3 (Ex. 3) A-1d G-2 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl  207-209*  4 A-2b G-1 4-(3,5-di-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 507  5 A-2b G-1 4-(3-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 488  6 A-1d G-1 5-(4-F—Ph)-isoxazolidin-3-yl 507  7 A-2b G-1 4-(2-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 489  8 A-2b G-1 4-(2-OMe—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 501  9 A-2b G-1 4-(3-OMe—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 501  10 A-2b G-1 4-(3,5-di-OMe—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 529  11 A-2b G-1 3-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 475  12 A-1d G-1 1H-pyrazol-1-yl 410  13 A-1d G-1 3-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 489  14 A-1d G-1 4-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 489  15 A-2b G-1 1H-pyrazol-1-yl 393  16 A-1d G-1 4-(3-OMe—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 516  17 A-1d G-1 5-(3-F—Ph)-isoxazolidin-3-yl 507  18 A-1d G-1 5-(3-OMe—Ph)-isoxazolidin-3-yl 519  19 A-1d G-1 5-(3,5-di-F—Ph)-isoxazolidin-3-yl 525  20 A-1d G-1 5-(3,5-di-OMe—Ph)-isoxazolidin-3-yl 549  21 A-2b G-1 5-Me-thiophen-2-yl 423  22 A-2b G-1 5-Me-furan-2-yl 409  23 A-1b G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 172-174  24 A-1h G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 142-144  25 A-1f G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 141-143  26 A-1d G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 157-159  27 A-1d G-1 4-(3-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 504  28 A-1d G-1 4-(3,5-di-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 522  29 A-1d G-1 4-(2-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 504  30 A-1d G-1 4-(4-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 504  31 A-2b G-1 4-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 475  32 A-1d G-1 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 444  33 A-1a G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 511  34 A-1d G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 512  35 A-2b G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 497  36 A-1a G-1, 5-CH₃ 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 491  37 A-1d G-1, 5-CH₃ 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 492  38 A-2b G-1, 5-CH₃ 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 477  39 A-1d G-1 3-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 484  40 A-2b G-1 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 427  41 A-2b G-1 3-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 471  42 A-1a G-1 3-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 483  43 A-1a G-1 4-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 422  44 A-1a G-1 4-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 421  45 A-2b G-1 4-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 407  46 A-1b G-1 4-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 391  47 A-1b G-1 4-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 455  48 A-1d G-1 3-CF₃-5-OMe-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 508  49 A-1a G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 116-118 496  50 A-1d G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 169-170 497  51 A-2b G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 157-159  52 A-1d G-1 3,5-di-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 436  53 A-1b G-1 3-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 453  54 A-2b G-3 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 248-250  55 A-1f G-4 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 178-180  56 A-1d G-4 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 178-180  57 A-1a G-3 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 175-177  58 A-2b G-4 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 167-169  59 (Ex. 4) A-1d G-3 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl  197-199*  60 A-1a G-1, 5-Cl 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 477  61 A-1d G-1, 5-Cl 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 478  62 A-2b G-1, 5-Cl 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 463  63 A-1a G-1, 5-CH₃ 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 457  64 A-1d G-1, 5-CH₃ 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 458  65 A-2b G-1, 5-CH₃ 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 443  66 A-1a G-1 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 444  67 A-1b G-1 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 411  68 (Ex. 2) A-2b G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl  205-210* 481 479  69 A-1d G-1, 5-F 3-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 462  70 A-1d G-1, 5-F 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 462  71 A-1d G-1, 5-F 3-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 508  72 A-1d G-1, 5-F 3-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 503  73 A-2b G-1, 5-F 3-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 447  74 A-2b G-1, 5-F 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 447  75 A-2b G-1, 5-F 3-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 493  76 A-2b G-1, 5-F 3-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 489  77 A-1a G-1, 5-F 3-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 461  78 A-1a G-1, 5-F 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 461  79 A-1a G-1, 5-F 3-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 505  80 A-1a G-1, 5-F 3-Ph-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 504  81 A-1d G-1, 5-F 3-CH₃-1H-indol-1-yl 441  82 A-1d G-1 5-OH-3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 494  85 A-1d G-1, 5-F 4-CN-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 453 451  86 A-1d G-1, 5-F 3-CN-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 453 451  87 A-2b G-1 3-(3-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 489  88 A-2b G-1 3-(4-OMe—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 501  89 A-2b G-1 3-(3,5-di-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 507  90 A-2b G-1 3-(2-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 489  91 A-2b G-1 3-(3,5-di-OMe—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 531  92 A-3c G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 496  93 A-4a G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 427  94 A-2a G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 479  95 A-4a G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 463  96 A-1f G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 480  97 A-2a G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 515  98 A-2b G-1 3-(2-OMe—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 501  99 A-2b G-1 3-(4-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 489 100 A-2b G-1 3-(2,4-di-OMe—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 531 101 A-2b G-1 3-(2,4-di-F—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 507 102 A-2b G-1 5-(3-OMe—Ph)-isoxazolidin-3-yl 504 103 A-8d G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 575 104 A-1j G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 479 477 105 A-1d G-1, 5-CN 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 503 106 A-2b G-1, 5-CN 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 488 107 A-3c G-1, 5-CN 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 523 108 A-1f G-1, 5-CN 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 470 109 A-2b G-1 5-Me-5-COOEt-isoxazolidin-3-yl 484 110 A-2b G-1 5-COOEt-isoxazolidin-3-yl 470 111 A-4e G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 450 448 112 A-7b G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 450 448 113 A-6a G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 130-133 114 A-6b G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 177-181 115 A-1h G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 164-168 116 A-4f G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 478 476 117 A-9a G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 514 512 118 A-5a G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 448 446 119 A-8e G-5 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 227-231 120 A-7c G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 484 482 121 A-1k G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 525 523 122 A-1g G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 526 524 123 A-1u G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 572 570 124 A-1v G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 570 568 125 A-1c G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 524 522 126 A-8a G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 139-143 127 A-2a G-1, 5-CN 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 506 128 A-10a G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 449 447 129 A-11a G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 449 447 130 A-1d G-1 4,5-dihydro-1-Me- 532 5-(3-OMe—Ph)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl 131 A-3c G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 532 132 A-1w G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 493 133 A-2a G-1, 5-CH₃ 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 495 134 A-4a G-1, 5-CH₃ 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 443 135 A-1f G-1, 5-CH₃ 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 459 136 A-3c G-1, 5-CH₃ 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 512 137 A-7a G-1, 5-CH₃ 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 443 138 A-7a G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 463 139 A-7d G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 530 528 140 A-7e G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 576 574 141 A-4g G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 496 494 142 A-7f G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 496 494 143 A-4h G-1, 5-CN 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 566 144 A-1d G-1 5-Me-5-COOEt-isoxazolidin-3-yl 499 145 A-1d G-1 5-COOEt-isoxazolidin-3-yl 485 146 A-1d G-1 5-Me-5-COOH-isoxazolidin-3-yl 471 147 A-2f G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 499 148 A-2f G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 515 149 A-1f G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 165-168 150 A-2a G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 154-157 151 A-3c G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 176-179 152 A-4a G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 151-154 153 A-2b G-1, 5-F 4-CF₃-1H-imidazol-1-yl 481 154 A-4a G-1, 5-CN 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 454 155 A-8f G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 544 542 156 A-8g G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 591 157 A-1p G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 524 522 158 A-1n G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 570 568 159 A-4h G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 560 558 160 A-8e G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 514 512 161 A-1d G-1, 5-F 3-CHF₂-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 478 162 A-2b G-1, 5-F 3-CHF₂-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 463 163 A-7a G-1, 5-F 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 110-114 164 A-3d G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 464 462 165 A-3b G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 518 516 166 A-8a G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 518 167 A-4b G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 517 515 168 A-4c G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 484 169 A-4h G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 576 574 170 A-8h G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 465 463 171 A-8e G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 529 172 A-2b G-5 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 221-225 173 A-1d G-5 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 215-218 174 A-2b G-5 3-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 155-159 175 A-4d G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 529 527 176 A-4i G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 468 466 185 A-1x G-1, 5-Cl 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 479 477 186 A-1d G-1, 5-Cl 1H-pyrazol-1-yl 444 187 A-1d G-1, 5-Br 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 558 *See synthesis example for ¹H NMR data.

INDEX TABLE B

Cmpd. No. A G, (R²)_(n) Q M + 1 83 A-2b G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 429 84 (Ex. 1) A-1d G-1 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 444 * See synthesis example for ¹H NMR data.

INDEX TABLE C

Cmpd. No. A G, (R²)_(n) Q M.P. 177 A-1a G-5 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 159-162 178 A-1d G-5 3-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 141-143 179 A-1d G-5 3-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 139-145 180 A-1d G-5 4-Br-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 140-142 181 A-1d G-5 3-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 157-160 182 A-1d G-5 4-Me-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 121-124 183 A-1d G-5 4-Cl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 154-157 184 A-1d G-5 3-CF₃-1H-pyrazol-1-yl 137-140

Biological Examples of the Invention

General protocol for preparing test suspensions for Tests A-E: the test compounds were first dissolved in acetone in an amount equal to 3% of the final volume and then suspended at the desired concentration (in ppm) in acetone and purified water (50/50 mix by volume) containing 250 ppm of the surfactant Trem® 014 (polyhydric alcohol esters). The resulting test suspensions were then used in Tests A-E. Compounds were sprayed with either a 40 ppm or 10 ppm (*) test suspension to the point of run-off on the test plants which is the equivalent of a rate of 160 g ai/ha or 40 g ai/ha, respectively.

Test A

The test suspension was sprayed to the point of run-off on tomato seedlings. The following day the seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea (the causal agent of gray mold on many crops) and incubated in a saturated atmosphere at 20° C. for 48 h, and moved to a growth chamber at 27° C. for 2 days, after which time visual disease ratings were made.

Test B

The test suspension was sprayed to the point of run-off on wheat seedlings. The following day the seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of Stagonospora nodorum (also known as Septoria nodorum; the causal agent of wheat glume blotch) and incubated in a saturated atmosphere at 20° C. for 48 h, and then moved to a growth chamber at 20° C. for 6 days, after which time visual disease ratings were made.

Test C

The test suspension was sprayed to the point of run-off on wheat seedlings. The following day the seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of Septoria tritici (the causal agent of wheat leaf blotch) and incubated in a saturated atmosphere at 24° C. for 48 h, and then moved to a growth chamber at 20° C. for 21 days, after which time visual disease ratings were made.

Test D

The test suspension was sprayed to the point of run-off on wheat seedlings. The following day the seedlings were inoculated with a spore suspension of Puccinia recondite f. sp. tritici; (the causal agent of wheat leaf rust) and incubated in a saturated atmosphere at 20° C. for 24 h, and then moved to a growth chamber at 20° C. for 6 days, after which time visual disease ratings were made.

Test E

The test suspension was sprayed to the point of run-off on wheat seedlings. The following day the seedlings were inoculated with a spore dust of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici, (the causal agent of wheat powdery mildew) and incubated in a growth chamber at 20° C. for 8 days, after which time visual disease ratings were made.

Results for Tests A-E are given in Table A. In the Table, a rating of 100 indicates 100% disease control and a rating of 0 indicates no disease control (relative to the controls). A dash (-) indicates no test results.

TABLE A Cmpd. No Test A Test B Test C Test D Test E 1 27 0  83  88  0 2 15 0 100 100 89 3  0 0  0  9  0 4 100  100  100 100 99 5 100  100  100 100 99 6 99 100   99 100  0 7 100  100  100 100 97 8 99 99   99 100 99 9 100  100  100 100 100  10 100  100  100 100 97 11 100  100  100 100 99 12 — 100  100  99 98 13 98 98  100 100 99 14 — 100  100  99 98 15 — 99  100 100 97 16 — 100  100  99 69 17 98 100  100  99  0 18 96 100  100  99  0 19 98 100  100 100 87 20 89 100   96  99  0 21 99 97   81 100 43 22 94 0  33 100 21 23 20 0 100  96 99 24 99 100  100 100 100  25 99 82  100  98 90 26 88 90  100  99 100  27 89 99  100  98 96 28 99 99  100  99 96 29 77 99  100  89 82 30 33 82   91  89 69 31 100  100  100 100 99 32 99 100  100 100 99 33 15 60  100 100 99 34 96 100  100 100 100  35 97 100  100 100 100  36 28 98  100 100 99 37 95 100  100 100 100  38 90 100  100 100 100  39 45 0  92  92 89 40 — — — — — 41 99 40  100 100 84 42 40 0  87  68 21 43 94 99   98  74 92 44 40 0  62  99  0 45 99 98  100 100 99 46 21 0  8  97  0 47 91 0  82 100  0 48  0 0  73  0 56 49  0 0 100 100 99 50 99 100  100 100 100  51 97 100  100 100 100  52 36 0  99  96 50 53  0 0  0  55  0 54  0 0  0  86  0 55  0 0 100  91  0 56 16 0 100  99 99 57  0 0  32 100  0 58  0 0 100 100 99 59  0 0  33  9 98 60 34 0 100 100 99 61 41 99  100 100 99 62 84 0 100 100 98 63 27 0  92  99 72 64 98 60  100 100 96 65 99 97  100 100 94 66 32 0  18  89  0 67  7 0  62  90  0 68 94 100  100 100 100  69 99 100  100 100 100  70 99 99  100 100 100  71 94 100  100 100 100  72 92 0 100  97 91 73 96 100  100 100 100  74 96 0 100 100 100  75 99 98  100 100 100  76 99 0 100 100 99 77 74 0 100 100 98 78 28 0 100 100 97 79 25 0 100 100 99 80  0 0 100  88  0 81 60 73   13  92  0 82  31* 97*  48*  97*  0* 83 99 99  100  0 93 84 66 99  100  0 90 85 70 0  45  99  0 86 89 0  98 100 79 87 99 0  97 100 64 88 100  0  51 100 93 89 75 0 — 100 79 90 93 46  — 100 72 91 87 33  — 100 56 92  0 60  — 100 98 93  0 97  — 100 99 94  0 98  — 100 99 95  0 100  — 100 98 96  0 60  —  99 96 97  0 87  — 100 99 98 67 0  75 100 48 99 89 0  90 100 91 100 58 60   87 100 69 101 71 60   94 100 92 102 — 99   97 100 73 103 — — — — — 104 — — — — — 105 — — — 100 81 106 — — — 100 98 107 — — —  99 43 108 — — —  96 87 109 — —  66  74  0 110 — —  22  68  0 111 — —  63*  84*  0* 112 — —  77*   0*  0* 113 — 0  77  97  0 114 — 0  84 100 64 115 — 100   98 100 100  116 — —  99*  99*  64* 117 — —  99*  99*  64* 118 — —  42*  68*  0* 119 — — — — — 120 — —  98*  100*  0* 121 — — — — — 122 — — — — — 123 — — — — — 124 — — — — — 125 — — — — — 126 — 99   99 100 99 127 — 0  62*  100*  40* 128 — —  42*  67*  13* 129 — —  88*  17*  0* 130 — 11   89  97 69 131 — — — — — 132 — 0  99  99 98 133 — — — — — 134 — — — — — 135 — — — — — 136 — — — — — 137 — — — — — 138 — —  99*  100*  64* 139 — —  98*  100*  40* 140 — — — — — 141 — —  76*  97*  0* 142 — —  88*  97*  0* 143 — —  100*  100*  64* 144 — 0  81  68  0 145 — 0  26  0  0 146 — 0  1  0  0 147 — —  100*  100*  92* 148 — —  100*  100*  91* 149 — 95   97  99 98 150 — 92   98 100 99 151 — 0  98 100 98 152 — 99   99 100 99 153 — —  99*  99*  40* 154 — 59*  94*  100*  0* 155 — — — — — 156 — — — — — 157 — — — — — 158 — — — — — 159 — — — — — 160 — — — — — 161 — 100   95 100 99 162 — 68   98 100 99 163 — 79   97 100 96 164 — —  96*  91*  69* 165 — 0  99*  98*  87* 166 — 0  99*  98*  64* 167 — 98*  100*  100*  94* 168 —  0*  95*  99*  64* 169 — 99*  100*  100*  87* 170 — 50*  74*   0*  0* 171 —  0*  96*  99*  40* 172 — — — — — 173 — — — — — 174 — — — — — 175 — 92*  100*  100*  64* 176 —  0*  93*   0*  0* 177 — —  91  0 79 178 —  3*   0*   0*  0* 179 — 0   5*   0*  0* 180 — 0   2*   0*  0* 181 — 64*  20*   9*  0* 182 — 0   9*   0*  0* 183 — — — — — 184 — — — — — 185 — — — — — 186 — — — — — 187 — — — — — 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound selected from Formula 1, N-oxides and salts thereof,

wherein A is a radical selected from the group consisting of

Z is O or S; R¹ is H, cyclopropyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy; L is —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—, wherein the carbon atom bonded to R^(12a) and R^(12b) is also bonded to the carboxamide nitrogen atom in Formula 1; or 1,2-phenylene optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from halogen and C₁-C₂ alkyl; G is a radical selected from the group consisting of

each R² is independently halogen, nitro, cyano, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ haloalkyl, C₁-C₅ alkoxy, C₁-C₅ haloalkoxy or C₃-C₅ cycloalkyl; B¹ is CH or N; B² is CH or N; B³ is CH or N; provided when B¹ and B² are both N, then B³ is CH; R³ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R⁴ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R⁵ is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R⁶ is C₁-C₂ alkyl; R⁷ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R⁸ is H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; R^(9a) is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkylthio; R^(9b) is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R¹⁰ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R¹¹ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R²⁰ is halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R²¹ is H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; R²² is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkylthio; R²³ is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R²⁴ is H, halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; R²⁵ is H, C₁-C₃ alkyl or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; m is 0, 1 or 2; n is 0, 1, 2 or 3; R^(12a) and R^(12b) are each independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; or R^(12a) and R^(12b) are taken together as C₂-C₅ alkanediyl; R^(13a) is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy, C₁-C₂ alkylthio or C₁-C₂ alkoxyamino; R^(13b) is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; or R^(13a) and R^(13b) are taken together as C₂-C₅ alkanediyl; Q is a 5-membered unsaturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing ring members selected from carbon atoms and up to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from up to 1 O, up to 1 S and up to 4 N atoms, wherein up to 2 carbon atom ring members are independently selected from C(═O), the heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with one substituent on a ring member distal relative to the ring member connecting the heteroaromatic ring to the remainder of Formula 1, said optional substituent selected from R^(14c) on carbon atom ring members and from R^(14n) on nitrogen atom ring members, the heterocyclic ring further optionally substituted with substituents selected from R^(15c) on carbon atom ring members and R^(15n) on nitrogen atom ring members; each R^(14c) is independently halogen, cyano, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl, C₁-C₃ alkoxy, C₁-C₃ haloalkoxy, C₂-C₃ alkoxycarbonyl or C₂-C₃ alkylcarbonyl; or a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R¹⁶; or a heteroaromatic ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R^(17c) on carbon atom ring members and from R^(17n) on nitrogen atom ring members; or two R^(14c) bonded to adjacent carbon atoms are taken together with carbon atom ring members to form a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or partially aromatic ring, the ring optionally substituted with halogen or C₁-C₄ alkyl; each R^(14n) is independently C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy; or a phenyl ring optionally substituted with up to 5 substituents independently selected from R¹⁸; or a heteroaromatic ring optionally substituted with up to 4 substituents independently selected from R^(19c) on carbon atom ring members and from R^(19n) on nitrogen atom ring members; each R^(15c) is independently halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy; each R^(15n) is independently C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ haloalkyl or C₁-C₃ alkoxy; each R¹⁶, R^(17c), R¹⁸ and R^(19c) is independently halogen, cyano, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy; and each R^(17n) and R^(19n) is independently C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy.
 2. A compound of claim 1 wherein Z is O; L is —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—; or 1,2-phenylene optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br and CH₃; G is selected from the group consisting of G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-4; each R² is independently halogen or C₁-C₅ alkyl; n is 0, 1 or 2; R³ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; R⁴ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; R⁵ is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; R⁶ is CH₃; R⁷ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; R⁸ is H or CH₃; R^(9a) is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ haloalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkylthio; R^(9b) is H, halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl; R¹⁰ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; R¹¹ is halogen, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ haloalkyl; R²² is F, Cl, CH₃ or CF₃; R^(12a) is H or CH₃; R^(12b) is H or CH₃; or R^(12a) and R^(12b) are taken as C₂ or C₃ alkanediyl; R^(13a) is H, CH₃, or OCH₃; R^(13b) is H or CH₃; or R^(13a) and R^(13b) are taken together as C₂ or C₃ alkanediyl; Q is selected from

each R¹⁶, R^(17c), R¹⁸ and R^(19c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; and each R^(17n) and R^(19n) is CH₃.
 3. The compound of claim 2 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of A-1, A-2, A-4 and A-8; L is —C(R^(12a))R^(12b)—C(R^(13a))R^(13b)—; G is selected from the group consisting of G-1 and G-4; B¹ is CH; each R² is independently H, F, Cl, Br or CH₃; n is 0 or 1; R³ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF; R⁴ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; R⁵ is H, halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl; R⁶ is CH₃; R^(9a) is halogen, F, Cl, Br, CHF₂ or CF₃; R^(9b) is H, halogen or C₁-C₂ alkyl; R²⁰ is Cl, CH₃ or CF₃; R²¹ is H or CH₃; R^(14c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; Q is selected from

each R^(14n) is CH₃; each R^(15c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; and each R^(15n) is CH₃.
 4. The compound of claim 3 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of A-1, A-2 and A-8; B² is N; B³ is CH; R¹ is H; G is G-1 substituted with at least one R² ortho to the bond to Q; each R² is independently F or Cl; Q is selected from Q-9A and Q-9B; R³ is CF₃; R⁴ is CHF₂; R⁵ is H, F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; R²⁰ is CH₃ or CF₃; R²¹ is H; R^(12a) is H; R^(12b) is H; R^(13a) is H or CH₃; and R^(13b) is H.
 5. The compound of claim 2 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of A-1, A-2 and A-4; L is 1,2-phenylene optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently selected from F, Cl, Br and CH₃; G is selected from G-1, G-2 and G-3; each R² is independently F, Cl, Br or CH₃; n is 0 or 1; R³ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF; R⁴ is F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; R⁵ is H, halogen, CH₃ or C₁ haloalkyl; R⁶ is CH₃; R^(9a) is halogen, F, Cl, Br, CHF₂ or CF₃; R^(9b) is H or methyl; Q is selected from

R^(14c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; each R^(14n) is CH₃; each R^(15c) is independently F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; and each R^(15n) is CH₃.
 6. The compound of claim 5 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of A-1 and A-2; L is 1,2-phenylene optionally substituted with up to 2 substituents independently selected from F and CH₃; B¹ is CH; B³ is CH; G is G-1; each R² is independently F or Cl; R³ is CF₃; R⁴ is CHF₂; R⁵ is H, F, Cl, Br, CH₃, CHF₂ or CF₃; and Q is selected from Q-9A and Q-9B.
 7. The compound of claim 6 wherein A is A-1; L is 1,2-phenylene; B² is N; G is substituted with at least one R² ortho to the bond in Formula 1 bonded to the bond with Q; each R² is independently F or Cl; and Q is Q-9A.
 8. A compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of: 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[2-[5-fluoro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-[2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-5-pyrimidinyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridazinyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-pyrazinyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[1-methyl-2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; and N-[1-methyl-2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]ethyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide.
 9. A compound of claim 1 also selected from the group consisting of: 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[2-[6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide; N-[2-[5-fluoro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide; N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-iodo-2-thiophenecarboxamide; N-[2-[5-fluoro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-iodo-2-thiophenecarboxamide; 5-bromo-N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide; N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-5-iodo-4-thiazolecarboxamide; 3-bromo-N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide; N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-iodo-2-pyridinecarboxamide; 3-bromo-N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide; N-[2-[5-chloro-6-[4-chloro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide; 2-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-[5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2-pyrazinyl]phenyl]benzamide; 3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-[2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-5-pyrimidinyl]phenyl]-2-pyridinecarboxamide; N-[2-[5-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide; and N-[2-[5-bromo-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-3-pyridinyl]phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide.
 10. A fungicidal composition comprising (a) a compound of claim 1; and (b) at least one other fungicide.
 11. A fungicidal composition comprising (a) a compound of claim 1; and (b) at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of surfactants, solid diluents and liquid diluents.
 12. A method for controlling plant diseases caused by fungal plant pathogens comprising applying to the plant or portion thereof, or to the plant seed, a fungicidally effective amount of a compound of claim
 1. 